feat(nitro): convert imported SWF bundles to WebP Lossless

Newly converted .nitro bundles now store their spritesheet as WebP VP8L
instead of PNG, so imports land much smaller without changing a single
pixel. The texture member and spritesheet.meta.image are both labelled
from the actual bytes, never from a caller's assumption.

- encode through sharp with lossless and exact, so colour hidden under
  alpha 0 survives; this mirrors ImageSharp's TransparentColorMode.Preserve
- detect PNG/WebP by magic bytes and reject anything the client cannot
  render, on create, download and upload paths
- keep the source format when deriving size-32 sheets, scaling composites
  and editing metadata, so existing bundles are never silently rewritten
- report fidelity in the studio: the compression panel re-encodes with the
  same options the importer uses, so it cannot drift and invent false
  warnings, and shows PNG/WebP size estimates

convertSwfToNitro and buildSpritesheet are now async, so the worker, the
main-thread fallback and every import call site await them. PNG stays
supported for existing bundles and icon sidecars are untouched.

src/app/api/admin/import/furni/batch-regen/route.ts

@@ -199,7 +199,10 @@ export const POST = withAdmin(
 						});
 						try {
 							const swfBuffer = await fs.readFile(swfPath);
-							const conversion = convertSwfToNitro(swfBuffer, baseClassname);
+							const conversion = await convertSwfToNitro(
+								swfBuffer,
+								baseClassname,
+							);
 							await fs.writeFile(nitroPath, conversion.bundle);
 
 							// Build FurnitureData entry if missing

src/app/api/admin/import/furni/nitro-editor/route.ts

@@ -104,13 +104,16 @@ export const PUT = withAdmin(
 
 		const saved = await withFurniDataLock(async () => {
 			const existingBuffer = await fs.readFile(nitroPath);
-			const { png, json: currentMetadata } = parseNitroBundle(existingBuffer);
+			const { texture, json: currentMetadata } =
+				parseNitroBundle(existingBuffer);
 			if (
 				JSON.stringify(currentMetadata.catalogStudio) !==
 				JSON.stringify(metadata.catalogStudio)
 			)
 				return false;
-			const newBundle = createNitroBundle(metadata, png, base);
+			// `texture` keeps its original encoding, so editing metadata never
+			// changes the bundle's texture format.
+			const newBundle = createNitroBundle(metadata, texture, base);
 			await fs.writeFile(nitroPath, newBundle);
 			return true;
 		});

src/app/api/admin/import/furni/route.ts

@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ export const PATCH = withAdmin(
 			// Convert SWF → Nitro + update FurnitureData.json
 			try {
 				const swfBuffer = await fs.readFile(swfPath);
-				const conversion = convertSwfToNitro(swfBuffer, baseClassname);
+				const conversion = await convertSwfToNitro(swfBuffer, baseClassname);
 				await fs.writeFile(nitroPath, conversion.bundle);
 
 				// Add to FurnitureData.json if not already present

src/app/api/admin/studio/nitro-quality/route.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import sharp from "sharp";
 import { apiError, apiOk } from "@/lib/api";
 import { withAdmin } from "@/lib/api-handler";
 import {
+	buildNitroCompressionReport,
 	inspectNitroScales,
 	object,
 	resolveNitroFrame,
@@ -21,10 +22,11 @@ export const GET = withAdmin(
 		const base = String(classname).split("*")[0],
 			{ nitroDir } = await getFurniAssetDirs();
 		try {
-			const { json, png } = parseNitroBundle(
+			const parsed = parseNitroBundle(
 				await fs.readFile(path.join(nitroDir, `${base}.nitro`)),
 			);
-			const image = await sharp(png).metadata();
+			const { json, texture } = parsed;
+			const image = await sharp(texture).metadata();
 			if (!image.width || !image.height)
 				return apiError("Invalid bundle texture", 422);
 			const asset = request.nextUrl.searchParams.get("asset");
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ export const GET = withAdmin(
 					return apiError("Sprite not found", 404);
 				const resolved = resolveNitroFrame(json, asset),
 					rect = object(resolved.frame.frame);
-				let pipeline = sharp(png).extract({
+				let pipeline = sharp(texture).extract({
 					left: Number(rect.x),
 					top: Number(rect.y),
 					width: Number(rect.w),
@@ -51,7 +53,10 @@ export const GET = withAdmin(
 				});
 			}
 			return apiOk({
-				report: inspectNitroScales(json, image.width, image.height),
+				report: {
+					...inspectNitroScales(json, image.width, image.height),
+					compression: await buildNitroCompressionReport(parsed),
+				},
 			});
 		} catch (error) {
 			if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code === "ENOENT")

src/lib/furni/nitro-scale32.ts

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export async function generateScale32(input: Buffer): Promise<{
 	count: number;
 	skipped: number;
 }> {
-	const { json, png } = parseNitroBundle(input);
+	const { json, texture, textureFormat } = parseNitroBundle(input);
 	const assets = object(json.assets),
 		sheet = object(json.spritesheet),
 		frames = object(sheet.frames);
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ export async function generateScale32(input: Buffer): Promise<{
 	if (!names.length)
 		throw Error("No supported scale 64 furniture sprites were found");
 	if (names.length > 10000) throw Error("Too many sprites to generate safely");
-	const dimensions = await sharp(png).metadata();
+	const dimensions = await sharp(texture).metadata();
 	if (!dimensions.width || !dimensions.height) throw Error("Invalid texture");
 	const images: {
 		id: number;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ export async function generateScale32(input: Buffer): Promise<{
 		}
 		const frame = resolved.frame,
 			rect = object(frame.frame);
-		let sprite = await sharp(png)
+		let sprite = await sharp(texture)
 			.extract({
 				left: Number(rect.x),
 				top: Number(rect.y),
@@ -149,25 +149,35 @@ export async function generateScale32(input: Buffer): Promise<{
 		});
 	}
 	if (!images.length) throw Error("No independent texture frames were found");
-	const atlas = buildSpritesheet(images);
+	const atlas = await buildSpritesheet(images, { format: textureFormat });
 	const width = Math.max(dimensions.width, atlas.width),
 		height = dimensions.height + atlas.height;
 	if (width * height > 64_000_000)
 		throw Error("Combined texture exceeds the texture budget");
-	const combined = await sharp({
+	// The merged sheet must keep the source bundle's texture format so an
+	// existing PNG bundle is not silently converted (or vice versa).
+	const composited = sharp({
 		create: {
 			width,
 			height,
 			channels: 4,
 			background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
 		},
+	}).composite([
+		{ input: texture, left: 0, top: 0 },
+		{ input: atlas.texture, left: 0, top: dimensions.height },
+	]);
+	const combined =
+		textureFormat === "webp"
+			? await composited
+					.webp({
+						lossless: true,
+						nearLossless: false,
+						smartSubsample: false,
+						effort: 6,
 					})
-		.composite([
+					.toBuffer()
-			{ input: png, left: 0, top: 0 },
+			: await composited.png().toBuffer();
-			{ input: atlas.png, left: 0, top: dimensions.height },
-		])
-		.png()
-		.toBuffer();
 	const generated = new Map<string, boolean>();
 	for (const name of names)
 		if (!skipped.has(name)) generated.set(scaleName(name), true);
@@ -198,7 +208,13 @@ export async function generateScale32(input: Buffer): Promise<{
 	json.spritesheet = {
 		...sheet,
 		frames,
-		meta: { ...object(sheet.meta), size: { w: width, h: height } },
+		meta: {
+			...object(sheet.meta),
+			// Keep the client-facing image pointer aligned with the member
+			// `createNitroBundle` is about to write.
+			image: `${String(json.name || "furniture")}.${textureFormat}`,
+			size: { w: width, h: height },
+		},
 	};
 	json.catalogStudio = {
 		...object(json.catalogStudio),

src/lib/services/effect-import.ts

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ export async function importSingleEffect(params: {
 	onProgress?.("converting");
 	try {
 		const swfBuffer = await fs.readFile(/*turbopackIgnore: true*/ swfPath);
-		const result = convertSwfToNitro(swfBuffer, lib);
+		const result = await convertSwfToNitro(swfBuffer, lib);
 		await fs.writeFile(/*turbopackIgnore: true*/ nitroPath, result.bundle);
 		if (result.warnings?.length) warnings.push(...result.warnings);
 	} catch (err) {

src/lib/services/figure-import.ts

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ export async function importSingleFigure(params: {
 	onProgress?.("converting");
 	try {
 		const swfBuffer = await fs.readFile(/*turbopackIgnore: true*/ swfPath);
-		const result = convertSwfToNitro(swfBuffer, lib);
+		const result = await convertSwfToNitro(swfBuffer, lib);
 		await fs.writeFile(
 			/*turbopackIgnore: true*/ await nitroPathFor(lib),
 			result.bundle,

src/lib/services/furni-attachment.test.ts

@@ -30,5 +30,5 @@ it("rejects missing texture data", () => {
 			createNitroBundle({ name: "chair" }, Buffer.from("not png"), "chair"),
 			"chair",
 		),
-	).toThrow("not a PNG");
+	).toThrow("PNG or WebP");
 });

src/lib/services/furni-attachment.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
 import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
-import { parseNitroBundle } from "@/lib/services/swf/nitro-builder";
+import {
+	detectNitroTextureFormat,
+	parseNitroBundle,
+} from "@/lib/services/swf/nitro-builder";
 import { importRoot, validJobId } from "./furni-job-store";
 export function validateFurnitureAttachment(buffer: Buffer, classname: string) {
 	if (buffer.length > 50 * 1024 * 1024)
@@ -15,12 +18,11 @@ export function validateFurnitureAttachment(buffer: Buffer, classname: string) {
 		(parsed.json.name && parsed.json.name !== base)
 	)
 		throw Error(`This bundle does not belong to ${classname}`);
-	if (
+	// The renderer reads WebP Lossless and PNG; parseNitroBundle already
-		!parsed.png
+	// rejects anything else, so this only names the format in the error.
-			.subarray(0, 8)
+	const format = detectNitroTextureFormat(parsed.texture);
-			.equals(Buffer.from([137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10]))
+	if (!format)
-	)
+		throw Error("The bundle texture is neither a PNG nor a WebP image");
-		throw Error("The bundle texture is not a PNG");
 	return buffer;
 }
 export async function stageFurnitureAttachment(

src/lib/services/import/core/download.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
 import { getByparrCookies } from "@/lib/services/byparr";
-import { parseNitroBundle } from "../../swf/nitro-builder";
+import {
+	detectNitroTextureFormat,
+	parseNitroBundle,
+} from "../../swf/nitro-builder";
 import { browserHeaders } from "./browser-headers";
 import { curlDownload } from "./curl-fetch";
 
@@ -27,7 +30,9 @@ export function validateNitroBytes(buffer: Buffer): boolean {
 			!!bundle.json &&
 			typeof bundle.json === "object" &&
 			!Array.isArray(bundle.json) &&
-			validatePngBytes(bundle.png)
+			// parseNitroBundle already rejects non-PNG/WebP textures, so this
+			// is a cheap re-assertion rather than the real gate.
+			detectNitroTextureFormat(bundle.texture) !== null
 		);
 	} catch {
 		return false;

src/lib/services/pet-import.ts

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export async function importSinglePet(params: {
 	onProgress?.("converting");
 	try {
 		const swfBuffer = await fs.readFile(/*turbopackIgnore: true*/ swfPath);
-		const result = convertSwfToNitro(swfBuffer, lib);
+		const result = await convertSwfToNitro(swfBuffer, lib);
 		await fs.writeFile(
 			/*turbopackIgnore: true*/ nitroPathFor(lib),
 			result.bundle,

src/lib/services/swf/add-size32.ts

@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ export function nitroHasSize32(json: Record<string, unknown>): boolean {
 export async function addSize32ToBundle(
 	buffer: Buffer,
 ): Promise<Buffer | null> {
-	const { json, png, jsonFileName } = parseNitroBundle(buffer);
+	const { json, texture, textureFormat, jsonFileName } =
+		parseNitroBundle(buffer);
 	if (nitroHasSize32(json)) return null;
 
 	const name = (json.name as string) || jsonFileName.replace(/\.json$/, "");
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ export async function addSize32ToBundle(
 	for (const [frameName, frame] of Object.entries(frames)) {
 		const f = frame.frame;
 		if (!f || f.w <= 0 || f.h <= 0) continue;
-		const { data, info } = await sharp(png)
+		const { data, info } = await sharp(texture)
 			.extract({ left: f.x, top: f.y, width: f.w, height: f.h })
 			.raw()
 			.ensureAlpha()
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ export async function addSize32ToBundle(
 		const f = frame.frame;
 		if (f.w <= 0 || f.h <= 0) continue;
 
-		const src = await sharp(png)
+		const src = await sharp(texture)
 			.extract({ left: f.x, top: f.y, width: f.w, height: f.h })
 			.raw()
 			.ensureAlpha()
@@ -131,7 +132,12 @@ export async function addSize32ToBundle(
 
 	if (Object.keys(newAssets).length === 0) return null;
 
-	const { png: newPng, frames: newFrames } = buildSpritesheet(images);
+	// Preserve the source bundle's texture format: regenerating a scale must
+	// not silently downgrade a WebP bundle back to PNG.
+	const { texture: newTexture, frames: newFrames } = await buildSpritesheet(
+		images,
+		{ format: textureFormat },
+	);
 
 	// Update existing frame coordinates (sheet was rebuilt).
 	for (const [frameName, frame] of Object.entries(frames)) {
@@ -171,5 +177,12 @@ export async function addSize32ToBundle(
 		vis.push({ ...sourceVis, size: 32 });
 	}
 
-	return createNitroBundle(json, newPng, name);
+	// Keep the client-facing image pointer aligned with the member
+	// `createNitroBundle` is about to write.
+	const sheet = (json.spritesheet ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
+	const meta = (sheet.meta ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
+	sheet.meta = { ...meta, image: `${name}.${textureFormat}` };
+	json.spritesheet = sheet;
+
+	return createNitroBundle(json, newTexture, name);
 }

src/lib/services/swf/conversion-pool-recovery.test.ts

@@ -32,7 +32,19 @@ describe("conversion worker recovery", () => {
 		const data = Buffer.from("SWF");
 		const result = await convertSwfToNitroAsync(data, "chair");
 		expect(result.bundle.toString()).toBe("converted");
-		expect(mocks.convert).toHaveBeenCalledWith(data, "chair");
+		expect(mocks.convert).toHaveBeenCalledWith(data, "chair", {
+			textureFormat: undefined,
+		});
+	});
+	it("passes the requested texture format through to the main-thread fallback", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("NODE_ENV", "production");
+		vi.stubEnv("VITEST", undefined);
+		const { convertSwfToNitroAsync } = await import("./conversion-pool");
+		const data = Buffer.from("SWF");
+		await convertSwfToNitroAsync(data, "chair", { textureFormat: "webp" });
+		expect(mocks.convert).toHaveBeenCalledWith(data, "chair", {
+			textureFormat: "webp",
+		});
 	});
 	it("recovers icon extraction from a worker startup error", async () => {
 		vi.stubEnv("NODE_ENV", "production");

src/lib/services/swf/conversion-pool.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
 	convertSwfToNitro,
 	extractIconFromSwf,
 } from "./index";
+import type { NitroTextureFormat } from "./nitro-builder";
 
 // Offloads the synchronous, CPU-heavy SWF→Nitro conversion (and icon
 // extraction) to a small pool of worker threads so the main Node event loop
@@ -89,16 +90,20 @@ function pump() {
 
 const CONVERSION_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
 
-function run(req: Omit<WorkerRequest, "id">): Promise<WorkerResponse> {
+// `Omit` does not distribute over a union, which would erase `textureFormat`
+// from the convert variant.
+type DistributiveOmit<T, K extends keyof never> = T extends unknown
+	? Omit<T, K>
+	: never;
+
+function run(
+	req: DistributiveOmit<WorkerRequest, "id">,
+): Promise<WorkerResponse> {
 	if (!ensurePool()) {
+		// No pool available: run on the main thread. Icon extraction stays
+		// synchronous; the conversion is async because it encodes a spritesheet.
+		if (req.type === "icon") {
 			try {
-			if (req.type === "convert") {
-				return Promise.resolve({
-					id: 0,
-					ok: true,
-					result: convertSwfToNitro(req.buffer, req.classname),
-				});
-			}
 				return Promise.resolve({
 					id: 0,
 					ok: true,
@@ -112,6 +117,13 @@ function run(req: Omit<WorkerRequest, "id">): Promise<WorkerResponse> {
 				});
 			}
 		}
+		return convertSwfToNitro(req.buffer, req.classname, {
+			textureFormat: req.textureFormat,
+		}).then(
+			(result) => ({ id: 0, ok: true, result }) as WorkerResponse,
+			(e: Error) => ({ id: 0, ok: false, error: e.message }) as WorkerResponse,
+		);
+	}
 	return new Promise<WorkerResponse>((resolve, reject) => {
 		const job: Job = {
 			req: { ...req, id: nextId++ } as WorkerRequest,
@@ -153,13 +165,19 @@ function run(req: Omit<WorkerRequest, "id">): Promise<WorkerResponse> {
 export async function convertSwfToNitroAsync(
 	buffer: Buffer,
 	classname: string,
+	options?: { textureFormat?: NitroTextureFormat },
 ): Promise<ConversionResult> {
-	const res = await run({ type: "convert", buffer, classname }).catch(
+	const res = await run({
-		() => null,
+		type: "convert",
-	);
+		buffer,
+		classname,
+		textureFormat: options?.textureFormat,
+	}).catch(() => null);
 	if (res?.ok && res.result) return res.result;
 	// Worker failed for this item — fall back to the main thread.
-	return convertSwfToNitro(buffer, classname);
+	return convertSwfToNitro(buffer, classname, {
+		textureFormat: options?.textureFormat,
+	});
 }
 
 export async function extractIconFromSwfAsync(

src/lib/services/swf/conversion-worker.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 import { parentPort } from "node:worker_threads";
 import { convertSwfToNitro, extractIconFromSwf } from "./index";
+import type { NitroTextureFormat } from "./nitro-builder";
 
 export interface ConvertRequest {
 	id: number;
 	type: "convert";
 	buffer: Buffer;
 	classname: string;
+	/** Omitted means the default (WebP Lossless). */
+	textureFormat?: NitroTextureFormat;
 }
 
 export interface IconRequest {
@@ -28,22 +31,14 @@ export type WorkerResponse =
 
 if (parentPort) {
 	parentPort.on("message", (msg: WorkerRequest) => {
+		if (msg.type === "icon") {
 			try {
-			if (msg.type === "convert") {
-				const result = convertSwfToNitro(msg.buffer, msg.classname);
-				parentPort?.postMessage({
-					id: msg.id,
-					ok: true,
-					result,
-				} satisfies WorkerResponse);
-			} else {
 				const icon = extractIconFromSwf(msg.buffer, msg.classname);
 				parentPort?.postMessage({
 					id: msg.id,
 					ok: true,
 					icon: icon ?? null,
 				} satisfies WorkerResponse);
-			}
 			} catch (err) {
 				parentPort?.postMessage({
 					id: msg.id,
@@ -51,5 +46,26 @@ if (parentPort) {
 					error: (err as Error).message,
 				} satisfies WorkerResponse);
 			}
+			return;
+		}
+		// The conversion encodes a spritesheet, which is async (sharp), so it
+		// cannot share the synchronous try/catch above.
+		void convertSwfToNitro(msg.buffer, msg.classname, {
+			textureFormat: msg.textureFormat,
+		})
+			.then((result) => {
+				parentPort?.postMessage({
+					id: msg.id,
+					ok: true,
+					result,
+				} satisfies WorkerResponse);
+			})
+			.catch((err: Error) => {
+				parentPort?.postMessage({
+					id: msg.id,
+					ok: false,
+					error: err.message,
+				} satisfies WorkerResponse);
+			});
 	});
 }

src/lib/services/swf/index.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
 	buildSpritesheet,
 	createNitroBundle,
 	encodePng,
+	type NitroTextureFormat,
 } from "./nitro-builder";
 import {
 	decompressSwf,
@@ -56,15 +57,25 @@ export {
 	extractIconFromSwfAsync,
 } from "./conversion-pool";
 // Re-export public API from submodules
-export { createNitroBundle, parseNitroBundle } from "./nitro-builder";
+export {
+	buildSpritesheet,
+	createNitroBundle,
+	detectNitroTextureFormat,
+	encodePng,
+	encodeWebpLossless,
+	NITRO_TEXTURE_LABEL,
+	type NitroTextureFormat,
+	parseNitroBundle,
+} from "./nitro-builder";
 export { computeDefaultDir, extractPartColors } from "./xml-processor";
 
 // ── Main Conversion ────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-export function convertSwfToNitro(
+export async function convertSwfToNitro(
 	swfBuffer: Buffer,
 	classname: string,
-): ConversionResult {
+	options?: { textureFormat?: NitroTextureFormat },
+): Promise<ConversionResult> {
 	const warnings: string[] = [];
 
 	// 1. Decompress SWF
@@ -241,11 +252,14 @@ export function convertSwfToNitro(
 
 	// 7. Build spritesheet using bin-packing
 	const {
-		png,
+		texture,
+		format: sheetFormat,
 		frames,
 		width: sheetWidth,
 		height: sheetHeight,
-	} = buildSpritesheet(namedImages);
+	} = await buildSpritesheet(namedImages, {
+		format: options?.textureFormat ?? "webp",
+	});
 
 	// 8. Process XML into Nitro JSON structures
 	const { palettes } = processAssetsXml(assetsXml);
@@ -392,7 +406,9 @@ export function convertSwfToNitro(
 		logicType,
 		spritesheet: {
 			meta: {
-				image: `${classname}.png`,
+				// Must match the texture member `createNitroBundle` writes, or
+				// the client resolves a file that is not in the bundle.
+				image: `${classname}.${sheetFormat}`,
 				format: "RGBA8888",
 				size: { w: sheetWidth, h: sheetHeight },
 				scale: 1,
@@ -410,7 +426,7 @@ export function convertSwfToNitro(
 	nitroJson.logic = logicObj;
 
 	// 10. Create .nitro bundle
-	const bundle = createNitroBundle(nitroJson, png, classname);
+	const bundle = createNitroBundle(nitroJson, texture, classname);
 
 	return {
 		bundle,

src/lib/services/swf/nitro-bundle-limits.test.ts

@@ -4,9 +4,15 @@ import { createNitroBundle, parseNitroBundle } from "./nitro-builder";
 it("honors an explicit decompression limit for imported bundles", () => {
 	const bundle = createNitroBundle(
 		{ name: "chair", value: "a".repeat(4096) },
-		Buffer.from("png"),
+		Buffer.from([137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10]),
 		"chair",
 	);
 	expect(() => parseNitroBundle(bundle, { maxOutputLength: 1024 })).toThrow();
 	expect(parseNitroBundle(bundle).json.name).toBe("chair");
 });
+
+it("refuses to write a bundle whose texture is neither PNG nor WebP", () => {
+	expect(() =>
+		createNitroBundle({ name: "chair" }, Buffer.from("not an image"), "chair"),
+	).toThrow(/PNG or WebP/);
+});