fix: replace route closures with controllers, add Argon2id password migration

- Replace closures in web.php and auth.php with dedicated controllers
  (LoginRedirectController, LogoutController, TwoFactorChallengeController,
  EmailVerificationController) to fix route caching issues
- Add migration to increase password column to VARCHAR(255) for Argon2id support
- Fix 500 error caused by route cache incompatibility with closures

database/migrations/2026_05_20_210737_increase_password_column_length_for_argon2id.php

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->string('password', 255)->change();
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->string('password', 60)->change();
+        });
+    }
+};