fix: replace route closures with controllers, add Argon2id password migration

- Replace closures in web.php and auth.php with dedicated controllers
  (LoginRedirectController, LogoutController, TwoFactorChallengeController,
  EmailVerificationController) to fix route caching issues
- Add migration to increase password column to VARCHAR(255) for Argon2id support
- Fix 500 error caused by route cache incompatibility with closures

routes/web.php

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+use App\Http\Controllers\Auth\LoginRedirectController;
+use App\Http\Controllers\Auth\LogoutController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Miscellaneous\HomeController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Miscellaneous\InstallationController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Miscellaneous\LocaleController;
@@ -32,19 +34,13 @@ Route::middleware(['maintenance', 'check.ban', 'force.staff.2fa'])->group(functi
 
     // Home routes (guest only)
     Route::middleware(['guest', 'throttle:60,1'])->withoutMiddleware('force.staff.2fa')->group(function () {
-        Route::get('/login', static fn () => to_route('welcome'))->name('login');
+        Route::get('/login', LoginRedirectController::class)->name('login');
         Route::get('/', HomeController::class)->name('welcome');
         Route::get('/home', HomeController::class)->name('home');
     });
 
     // Logout route
-    Route::post('/logout', static function () {
-        auth()->guard('web')->logout();
-        session()->invalidate();
-        session()->regenerateToken();
-
-        return redirect('/');
-    })->name('logout');
+    Route::post('/logout', LogoutController::class)->name('logout');
 
     // Authenticated routes
     Route::middleware('auth')->group(function () {