diff --git a/prisma/migrations/0009_radio_contests_giveaways_columns.sql b/prisma/migrations/0009_radio_contests_giveaways_columns.sql
index 719c36b9..8567c911 100644
--- a/prisma/migrations/0009_radio_contests_giveaways_columns.sql
+++ b/prisma/migrations/0009_radio_contests_giveaways_columns.sql
@@ -3,27 +3,27 @@
 -- columns. These tables were created in migration 0004 with only id/timestamps.
 
 ALTER TABLE `radio_contests`
-  ADD COLUMN `title` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL AFTER `id`,
-  ADD COLUMN `description` TEXT NULL AFTER `title`,
-  ADD COLUMN `prize` VARCHAR(255) NULL AFTER `description`,
-  ADD COLUMN `start_date` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `prize`,
-  ADD COLUMN `end_date` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `start_date`,
-  ADD COLUMN `winner_id` BIGINT UNSIGNED NULL AFTER `end_date`,
-  ADD COLUMN `is_active` BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true AFTER `winner_id`,
-  ADD COLUMN `created_by` BIGINT UNSIGNED NULL AFTER `is_active`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `title` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL AFTER `id`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `description` TEXT NULL AFTER `title`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `prize` VARCHAR(255) NULL AFTER `description`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `start_date` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `prize`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `end_date` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `start_date`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `winner_id` BIGINT UNSIGNED NULL AFTER `end_date`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `is_active` BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true AFTER `winner_id`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `created_by` BIGINT UNSIGNED NULL AFTER `is_active`,
   MODIFY COLUMN `created_at` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `created_by`,
   MODIFY COLUMN `updated_at` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `created_at`;
 
 ALTER TABLE `radio_giveaways`
-  ADD COLUMN `title` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL AFTER `id`,
-  ADD COLUMN `description` TEXT NULL AFTER `title`,
-  ADD COLUMN `prize` VARCHAR(255) NULL AFTER `description`,
-  ADD COLUMN `prize_amount` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 AFTER `prize`,
-  ADD COLUMN `prize_currency` VARCHAR(50) NULL AFTER `prize_amount`,
-  ADD COLUMN `start_date` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `prize_currency`,
-  ADD COLUMN `end_date` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `start_date`,
-  ADD COLUMN `winner_id` BIGINT UNSIGNED NULL AFTER `end_date`,
-  ADD COLUMN `is_active` BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true AFTER `winner_id`,
-  ADD COLUMN `created_by` BIGINT UNSIGNED NULL AFTER `is_active`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `title` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL AFTER `id`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `description` TEXT NULL AFTER `title`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `prize` VARCHAR(255) NULL AFTER `description`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `prize_amount` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 AFTER `prize`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `prize_currency` VARCHAR(50) NULL AFTER `prize_amount`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `start_date` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `prize_currency`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `end_date` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `start_date`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `winner_id` BIGINT UNSIGNED NULL AFTER `end_date`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `is_active` BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true AFTER `winner_id`,
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `created_by` BIGINT UNSIGNED NULL AFTER `is_active`,
   MODIFY COLUMN `created_at` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `created_by`,
   MODIFY COLUMN `updated_at` TIMESTAMP(0) NULL AFTER `created_at`;
diff --git a/scripts/apply-migrations.ts b/scripts/apply-migrations.ts
index 74199da0..f4849ea6 100644
--- a/scripts/apply-migrations.ts
+++ b/scripts/apply-migrations.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { readFileSync, readdirSync } from "node:fs";
 import { resolve, dirname } from "node:path";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { splitSqlStatements } from "./sql-statements";
+import { mysqlConnectionUrl } from "./db-url";
 
 const __dirname = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
 const MIGRATIONS_DIR = resolve(__dirname, "../prisma/migrations");
@@ -17,8 +18,9 @@ interface MigrationFile {
 function getDbConfig(): { url: string; database: string } {
   const url = process.env.DATABASE_URL;
   if (!url) throw new Error("DATABASE_URL is required");
-  const dbName = url.split("/").pop()?.split("?")[0] ?? "atomcms";
-  return { url, database: dbName };
+  const parsed = new URL(url);
+  const dbName = decodeURIComponent(parsed.pathname.replace(/^\//, "")) || "atomcms";
+  return { url: mysqlConnectionUrl(url), database: dbName };
 }
 
 async function ensureConnection(): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/scripts/db-url.test.ts b/scripts/db-url.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c42c31b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/db-url.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { mysqlConnectionUrl } from "./db-url";
+
+describe("mysqlConnectionUrl", () => {
+  it("removes Prisma-only pool options before passing the URL to MySQL2", () => {
+    const result = mysqlConnectionUrl("mysql://user:pass@localhost:3306/cms?connection_limit=20&pool_timeout=30&charset=utf8mb4");
+    expect(result).not.toContain("connection_limit");
+    expect(result).not.toContain("pool_timeout");
+    expect(result).toContain("charset=utf8mb4");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/scripts/db-url.ts b/scripts/db-url.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a33d59f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/db-url.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+const MYSQL2_UNSUPPORTED_OPTIONS = ["connection_limit", "pool_timeout"] as const;
+
+export function mysqlConnectionUrl(value: string): string {
+  const url = new URL(value);
+  for (const option of MYSQL2_UNSUPPORTED_OPTIONS) url.searchParams.delete(option);
+  return url.toString();
+}
diff --git a/scripts/migration-idempotency.test.ts b/scripts/migration-idempotency.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..452a7618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/migration-idempotency.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { resolve } from "node:path";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+describe("radio columns migration", () => {
+  it("adds every column idempotently for partially migrated databases", () => {
+    const sql = readFileSync(resolve("prisma/migrations/0009_radio_contests_giveaways_columns.sql"), "utf8");
+    const additions = sql.match(/ADD COLUMN(?! IF NOT EXISTS)/gi) ?? [];
+    expect(additions).toEqual([]);
+    expect(sql).toContain("ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `title`");
+  });
+});