diff --git a/src/app/api/articles/[slug]/comment/route.ts b/src/app/api/articles/[slug]/comment/route.ts
index 7c5ee8d2..9125eb56 100644
--- a/src/app/api/articles/[slug]/comment/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/articles/[slug]/comment/route.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { eq } from "drizzle-orm";
 import { apiError, apiJson } from "@/lib/api";
 import { bearerUserId } from "@/lib/api-auth";
 import { db, WebsiteArticleComments, WebsiteArticles } from "@/lib/db";
+import { rateLimit } from "@/lib/rate-limit";
 
 export async function POST(
 	req: Request,
@@ -18,6 +19,10 @@ export async function POST(
 	const uid = await bearerUserId(req);
 	if (!uid) return apiError("Unauthorized", 401);
 
+	if (!(await rateLimit(`article-comment:${uid}`, 10, 60_000)).ok) {
+		return apiError("Too many comments. Please wait a minute.", 429);
+	}
+
 	const { slug } = await params;
 
 	const body = (await req.json().catch(() => ({}))) as { comment?: unknown };
diff --git a/src/app/api/paypal/capture/route.ts b/src/app/api/paypal/capture/route.ts
index 1cb99a57..b2b4ff19 100644
--- a/src/app/api/paypal/capture/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/paypal/capture/route.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { sessionUserId } from "@/lib/auth/session-user";
 import { db, WebsitePaypalTransactions } from "@/lib/db";
 import { resolveHotelName } from "@/lib/hotel-name";
 import { logger } from "@/lib/logger";
+import { rateLimit } from "@/lib/rate-limit";
 import { logServerError } from "@/lib/server-log";
 import {
 	type CaptureResult,
@@ -50,6 +51,13 @@ export async function POST(req: Request): Promise<Response> {
 		return NextResponse.json({ error: "Invalid session." }, { status: 401 });
 	}
 
+	if (!(await rateLimit(`paypal-capture:${userId}`, 5, 60_000)).ok) {
+		return NextResponse.json(
+			{ error: "Too many capture requests. Please wait a minute." },
+			{ status: 429 },
+		);
+	}
+
 	if (!isPayPalConfigured()) {
 		return NextResponse.json(
 			{
diff --git a/src/app/api/paypal/create/route.ts b/src/app/api/paypal/create/route.ts
index fd14dcb4..027aac3f 100644
--- a/src/app/api/paypal/create/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/paypal/create/route.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { sessionUserId } from "@/lib/auth/session-user";
 import { db, WebsitePaypalTransactions } from "@/lib/db";
 import { resolveHotelName } from "@/lib/hotel-name";
 import { logger } from "@/lib/logger";
+import { rateLimit } from "@/lib/rate-limit";
 import {
 	createOrder,
 	creditsPerUnit,
@@ -36,6 +37,13 @@ export async function POST(req: Request): Promise<Response> {
 		return NextResponse.json({ error: "Invalid session." }, { status: 401 });
 	}
 
+	if (!(await rateLimit(`paypal-create:${userId}`, 5, 60_000)).ok) {
+		return NextResponse.json(
+			{ error: "Too many top-up requests. Please wait a minute." },
+			{ status: 429 },
+		);
+	}
+
 	// Fail fast (and clearly) when the sandbox/live keys aren't set.
 	if (!isPayPalConfigured()) {
 		return NextResponse.json(
diff --git a/src/app/api/radio/shouts/route.ts b/src/app/api/radio/shouts/route.ts
index fc1fc33d..8688fe3e 100644
--- a/src/app/api/radio/shouts/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/radio/shouts/route.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { desc, inArray } from "drizzle-orm";
 import { apiError, apiJson } from "@/lib/api";
 import { bearerUserId } from "@/lib/api-auth";
 import { db, RadioShouts, User } from "@/lib/db";
+import { rateLimit } from "@/lib/rate-limit";
 import { apiCacheKey, redisCache } from "@/lib/redis-cache";
 
 // Latest 50 radio shouts with their author's username/look resolved. Mirrors the
@@ -71,6 +72,10 @@ export async function POST(req: Request) {
 	const uid = await bearerUserId(req);
 	if (!uid) return apiError("Unauthorized", 401);
 
+	if (!(await rateLimit(`radio-shout:${uid}`, 10, 60_000)).ok) {
+		return apiError("Too many shouts. Please wait a minute.", 429);
+	}
+
 	const body = (await req.json().catch(() => ({}))) as { message?: unknown };
 	const message = typeof body.message === "string" ? body.message.trim() : "";
 
diff --git a/src/app/api/tokens/route.ts b/src/app/api/tokens/route.ts
index 4f6a00d5..54a238d9 100644
--- a/src/app/api/tokens/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/tokens/route.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { apiError, apiJson } from "@/lib/api";
 import { issueToken } from "@/lib/api-auth";
 import { auth } from "@/lib/auth";
 import { sessionUserId } from "@/lib/auth/session-user";
+import { rateLimit } from "@/lib/rate-limit";
 
 export async function POST(req: Request) {
 	const session = await auth();
@@ -17,6 +18,10 @@ export async function POST(req: Request) {
 		return apiError("Unauthorized", 401);
 	}
 
+	if (!(await rateLimit(`tokens-issue:${id}`, 5, 60_000)).ok) {
+		return apiError("Too many token requests. Please wait a minute.", 429);
+	}
+
 	const body = (await req.json().catch(() => ({}))) as { name?: unknown };
 	const rawName = typeof body.name === "string" ? body.name.trim() : "";
 	const name = rawName ? rawName.slice(0, 100) : "api";