Add renovate.json

2026-10-02 03:00:12 +00:00
39 changed files with 5721 additions and 601 deletions
@@ -78,6 +78,73 @@ CLOUDFLARE_AUTO_BLOCK_ENABLED=true
 # Override for tests/staging (production uses the public endpoint by default).
 CLOUDFLARE_API_BASE_URL=https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4

+# --- CROWDSEC API (community reputation auto-block, optional) ---
+# Free CTI API key: https://app.crowdsec.net/ → Settings → CTI API Keys.
+# When set, the anti-DDoS gate checks the community reputation of repeat
+# offenders (CTI GET /smoke/{ip}) and immediately hard-blocks known-bad IPs.
+# Lookups only happen for IPs that already tripped a rate bucket and are
+# cached in Redis for 1h, so quota usage stays minimal.
+CROWDSEC_API_KEY=
+# Runtime toggle for reputation-based auto-blocking (also overridable live
+# from the admin panel). Requires CROWDSEC_API_KEY.
+CROWDSEC_AUTO_BLOCK_ENABLED=true
+# Minimum malevolence score 0-5 (CrowdSec scale; 4-5 = "malicious") before an
+# IP is treated as known-bad. IPs with false-positive tags are never blocked.
+CROWDSEC_BLOCK_SCORE=4
+# How long a CrowdSec-confirmed bad IP stays blocked (seconds).
+CROWDSEC_BLOCK_TTL_SECONDS=86400
+# Endpoint — override only for tests/staging.
+CROWDSEC_CTI_BASE_URL=https://cti.api.crowdsec.net/v2
+# Daily enrichment-call ceiling (freemium plan ≈ 10k/day). Once today's
+# counter reaches it, reputation lookups pause until tomorrow so a spread
+# DDoS cannot silently burn the whole quota. 0 = unlimited.
+CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA=10000
+# How many new community-reputation blocks within a 5-minute window justify an
+# ops alert (quota/backoff/report alerts all use HEALTH_ALERT_COOLDOWN_MIN).
+CROWDSEC_ALERT_BLOCK_BURST=10
+
+# --- CROWDSEC SIGNAL PUSH (share our blocks back, optional) ---
+# Opt-in: pushes blocked IPs + behaviors to the CrowdSec Central API (CAPI) so
+# the community blocklist protects other members too. Set to "true" to enable.
+# Requires watcher credentials — either set both CROWDSEC_REPORT_MACHINE_ID
+# (48 chars, [A-Za-z0-9]) and CROWDSEC_REPORT_PASSWORD now, or leave them
+# unset and let the app generate a stable pair persisted in Redis automatically.
+CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED=false
+CROWDSEC_REPORT_MACHINE_ID=
+CROWDSEC_REPORT_PASSWORD=
+# Optional: attachment key from https://app.crowdsec.net → Console settings —
+# links our watcher to your account so pushed signals show up there.
+CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENROLL_KEY=
+# Central API base — override only for tests/staging.
+CROWDSEC_CAPI_BASE_URL=https://api.crowdsec.net/v3
+
+# --- CROWDSEC LOCAL (opt-in engine on this Docker host, no proxy changes) ---
+# App-layer LAPI bouncer: the anti-DDoS gate asks the local engine per client
+# IP (short-cached) and blocks ban/captcha decisions before its own buckets.
+# Start everything with `bash cms security`; it writes the key below into .env
+# and starts the CrowdSec engine bound to 127.0.0.1. Set to "true" to load the
+# bouncer without the local engine (not recommended).
+CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED=false
+# Host access-log directory mounted into the engine for detection (Nginx only).
+CROWDSEC_NGINX_LOG_DIR=/var/log/nginx
+# Change LAPI port AND LAPI URL together when 18080 is already taken.
+CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT=18080
+CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL=http://127.0.0.1:18080
+# Generated by `bash cms security`; keep in .env, never commit a value.
+CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY=
+# IP blocklist sync (`bash cms security blocklists`): space-separated URLs, by
+# default Spamhaus DROP/EDROP, DShield, CINS, Greensnow, StopForumSpam,
+# blocklist.de, Emerging Threats, abuse.ch Feodo/SSLBL/URLhaus, IPsum,
+# Firehol ipsets and Tor exit nodes. Requires internet to fetch; detection and
+# blocking stay local.
+#CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_SOURCES=https://www.spamhaus.org/drop/drop.txt https://example.org/list.txt
+# Expiration for each blocklist decision (re-synced keeps them fresh).
+#CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_DURATION=24h
+# Combined cap per sync (safety valve against excessive decisions).
+#CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_MAX_DECISIONS=1000000
+# Comma-separated IPs/CIDRs that a sync must always skip (allowlist).
+#CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_ALLOW=1.2.3.4,10.0.0.0/8
+
 # --- PATHS ---
 BADGE_UPLOAD_DIR=./public/assets/images/badges
 EMULATOR_JAR_PATH=./emulator/Arcturus.jar
@@ -1,35 +1,40 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
+# Pin the runtime to the supported engine; update both stages deliberately.
 FROM node:26.10.0-alpine AS migrations
 WORKDIR /app
 ENV NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1
-
-# Installeer git en pnpm v12
+# Keep the bootstrap aligned with package.json packageManager.
+# The apk cache is persisted in a BuildKit cache mount so git is not
+# re-downloaded on every build.
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/apk \
    apk add --no-cache git \
-    && npm install -g pnpm@12.8.1
-
-# Stel het PATH zo in dat Alpine pnpm gegarandeerd overal herkent
-ENV PNPM_HOME="/usr/local/share/pnpm"
-ENV PATH="$PNPM_HOME:/usr/local/bin:$PATH"
-
+    && npm install -g pnpm@11.25.0
+# The pnpm store is kept in a BuildKit cache mount that persists across builds
+# on the builder. This is what stops disk usage from growing unbounded: the
+# downloaded dependency store is shared and reused instead of being copied into
+# a fresh image layer on every build. Unlike an image layer it is also prunable
+# independently, so a hard cap (see ci-deploy.sh) keeps it bounded.
+ENV PNPM_HOME=/pnpm PNPM_STORE=/pnpm/store
+# pnpm-workspace.yaml + .npmrc must be present too: the lockfile records the
+# overrides from pnpm-workspace.yaml, and --frozen-lockfile rejects a build
+# where the workspace config is absent (ERR_PNPM_LOCKFILE_CONFIG_MISMATCH).
 COPY package.json pnpm-lock.yaml* pnpm-workspace.yaml* .npmrc* ./
-
-# Voer de installatie uit met de pnpm v12 store cache-mount
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store \
-    pnpm install --frozen-lockfile --ignore-scripts
-
+# pnpm fetch: download all deps into the shared cache-mounted store.
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/pnpm \
+    pnpm fetch --ignore-scripts
+# Install offline from the cache-mounted store; the store itself stays in the
+# build cache between builds.
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/pnpm \
+    pnpm install --frozen-lockfile --ignore-scripts --offline
 COPY . .
 ARG NEXT_DEPLOYMENT_ID="unknown"
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.revision="$NEXT_DEPLOYMENT_ID"
-
 FROM migrations AS builder
 ARG NEXT_DEPLOYMENT_ID="unknown"
 ENV NEXT_DEPLOYMENT_ID="$NEXT_DEPLOYMENT_ID"
-
-# Fix voor OOM Killer: dwing de Node-compiler om agressief op te ruimen bij 4GB RAM
-ENV NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=4096"
-
-# Bouw de Next.js applicatie met caching
+# Fixture values exist only for this build command; production secrets are runtime-only.
+# Cache Next.js build output and webpack caches so rebuilds only redo the
+# changed parts.
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/app/.next/cache \
    DATABASE_URL="mysql://build:[email protected]:9/build" \
    HOTEL_NAME="Build fixture" APP_URL="http://localhost:3002" \
@@ -57,6 +62,8 @@ COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nextjs /app/drizzle/migrations ./drizzle/migr
 COPY --chown=nextjs:nextjs scripts/docker-start.mjs ./docker-start.mjs
 USER nextjs
 EXPOSE 3002
+# Self-contained healthcheck so `docker run` (ci-deploy) also gets Docker-level
+# health; docker-compose overrides this with its own probe if needed.
 HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --start-period=30s --retries=3 \
    CMD ["node", "-e", "fetch('http://127.0.0.1:'+(process.env.PORT||'3002')+'/api/health').then(r=>process.exit(r.ok?0:1)).catch(()=>process.exit(1))"]
 ENTRYPOINT ["/sbin/tini", "--"]
@@ -838,6 +838,132 @@ Open **DevOps → Anti-DDoS protection**

 ---

+## Local CrowdSec Engine (opt-in)
+
+The repository ships a self-contained CrowdSec engine that runs on the same
+Docker host. It runs `crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.8.1` in its own Compose project
+and exposes **LAPI only** on `127.0.0.1:18080`. When enabled, the app-layer
+anti-DDoS gate (`src/lib/crowdsec-local.ts`) asks the local LAPI per client IP
+(short-cached) and blocks `ban` / `captcha` decisions before its own rate
+buckets run. No reverse-proxy, Traefik, Cloudflare or firewall configuration is
+changed.
+
+The engine boots in **LAPI-only mode** (`DISABLE_AGENT=true`): it does not
+consume the host Nginx access log and needs no outbound access to
+`crowdsec.net`, which is often blocked on hardened hosts. Combined with
+`DISABLE_ONLINE_API=true` (no CrowdSec Central API) the engine needs no account
+and no inbound internet — blocking comes from the imported blocklists
+(Step 4) and the app's own rate buckets. Re-enable the agent only on a host
+with outbound internet by removing `DISABLE_AGENT: "true"` from
+`deployment/crowdsec/compose.crowdsec.yml`.
+
+### Step 1 — Enable the engine and register the bouncer
+
+```bash
+bash cms security
+```
+
+This generates `CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY` (random 64 hex chars), writes the
+CrowdSec flags into `.env`, starts the engine and registers the `cms` bouncer
+against the local LAPI. The engine does **not** enroll into the CrowdSec
+Central API (`DISABLE_ONLINE_API=true`) and runs without the agent
+(`DISABLE_AGENT=true`), so it never phones home.
+
+### Step 2 — Restart the CMS so it loads the bouncer credentials
+
+A CI-managed `epicnext-cms-app` picks the new `.env` values up on its next
+deployment. For a clone running via the updater:
+
+```bash
+bash cms update --skip-pull
+```
+
+or restart the container directly (`docker compose restart cms`). Without the
+restart the gate has not loaded the LAPI URL/key yet.
+
+### Step 3 — Verify
+
+```bash
+bash cms security status
+```
+
+Expect `CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED=yes` and `LAPI health: OK (127.0.0.1:18080)`.
+In the admin panel, **DevOps → Anti-DDoS protection** shows live block
+statistics split per origin (`community` vs `local`).
+
+### Step 4 — Stop the engine again (optional)
+
+```bash
+bash cms security disable
+```
+
+Stops the container and sets `CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED=false`. Volumes and the
+`.env` key are kept.
+
+### Step 5 — Load external IP blocklists (optional)
+
+The engine has no built-in lists, so provide your own via a one-shot sync
+(fetches the sources, replaces every previous `cscli-import` decision):
+
+```bash
+bash cms security blocklists
+```
+
+Defaults: Spamhaus DROP/EDROP, DShield, CINS, Greensnow, StopForumSpam,
+Binary Defense, blocklist.de, Emerging Threats, BruteForceBlocker, abuse.ch
+Feodo/SSLBL, Darklist, Botvrij, IPsum, Firehol ipsets and Tor exit nodes
+(26 sources). URLhaus was removed because its `text_online` feed lists URLs,
+not IPs; a malformed token in it could otherwise expand into a bogus
+huge CIDR. The validator only accepts whole-line bare IPs or proper CIDRs,
+enforces sane prefix bounds and drops reserved/private/loopback space, so a
+bad source entry can never block the origin or internal traffic. The largest
+commercial/crowdsourced lists (AbuseIPDB, MaxMind, Cisco Talos, AlienVault
+OTX) are not included because they require an account or API key; IPsum
+already aggregates ~30 additional feeds. No account is needed, but internet
+access is — only for fetching; detection and blocking remain local. Sync
+hourly as a cron job:
+
+```bash
+bash cms security blocklists-install-cron
+```
+
+Removal: `bash cms security blocklists-uninstall-cron`. Dry-run without
+touching LAPI: `bash cms security blocklists --dry-run`. Override the sources,
+duration, a combined cap or an allowlist in `.env`
+(`CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_SOURCES`, `CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_DURATION`,
+`CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_MAX_DECISIONS`, `CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_ALLOW`). Existing
+`cscli-import` decisions are replaced on every sync, so removed entries
+expire.
+
+### Environment variables
+
+| Variable                     | Default                       | Purpose                              |
+| ---------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| `CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED`     | `false`                       | Master switch for the local stack    |
+| `CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL`          | `http://127.0.0.1:18080`      | LAPI endpoint (loopback only)        |
+| `CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT`         | `18080`                       | Host port the engine maps to LAPI    |
+| `CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY`      | —                             | Bouncer key; required when enabled   |
+| `CROWDSEC_LAPI_TIMEOUT_MS`   | `500`                         | Per-decision request timeout         |
+| `CROWDSEC_LAPI_RETRY_MS`     | `500`                         | Backoff before retrying LAPI         |
+| `CROWDSEC_NGINX_LOG_DIR`     | `/var/log/nginx`              | Access-log directory for the engine  |
+
+### Notes and limitations
+
+- Changing the port means updating `CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT` **and**
+  `CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL` together, then re-running `bash cms security`.
+- Rotate the key by editing `CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY` in `.env`, running
+  `bash cms security` again (re-registers the bouncer) and restarting the CMS.
+- The gate is **fail-closed at startup** when the feature is enabled without a
+  key (startup aborts with a clear message). At runtime a LAPI network error
+  **fails open** (traffic is allowed, decisions paused); a 403 from LAPI
+  pauses local decisions for 5 minutes.
+- This bouncer is **application-layer**: it sheds known-bad IPs at the CMS
+  process only. It does not drop traffic before the origin, does not protect
+  other host ports/services, and depends on the client IP being trustworthy at
+  the ingress. Keep the upstream protections (Cloudflare IP rules, proxy rate
+  limits) for defense before the origin.
+
+---

 ## Production Deployment (blue/green)

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
 case "${1:-help}" in
  install) shift; exec bash "$DIR/scripts/docker-install.sh" "$@" ;;
  update) shift; exec bash "$DIR/scripts/docker-update.sh" "$@" ;;
-  help|--help|-h) printf '%s\n' 'bash cms install   Configure and install on a Linux Docker host' 'bash cms update    Update using saved settings; --skip-pull uses checked-out release' ;;
-  *) echo "Unknown command. Use: bash cms install | update" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+  security) shift; exec bash "$DIR/scripts/crowdsec-setup.sh" "$@" ;;
+  help|--help|-h) printf '%s\n' 'bash cms install   Configure and install on a Linux Docker host' 'bash cms update    Update using saved settings; --skip-pull uses checked-out release' 'bash cms security  Configure the opt-in local CrowdSec stack (enable|status|disable|blocklists)' ;;
+  *) echo "Unknown command. Use: bash cms install | update | security" >&2; exit 1 ;;
 esac
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+filenames:
+  - /var/log/nginx/access.log
+labels:
+  type: nginx
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+services:
+  crowdsec:
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:${CROWDSEC_VERSION:-v1.8.1}
+    container_name: epicnext-crowdsec
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    profiles: ["security"]
+    environment:
+      DISABLE_AGENT: "true"
+      BOUNCER_KEY_cms: ${CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY:?CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY must be set}
+      DISABLE_ONLINE_API: "true"
+      GID: "${CROWDSEC_GID:-0}"
+      TZ: "${TZ:-UTC}"
+    ports:
+      - "${CROWDSEC_LAPI_BIND_HOST:-127.0.0.1}:${CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT:-18080}:8080"
+    volumes:
+      - ./acquis.d:/etc/crowdsec/acquis.d:ro
+      - ${CROWDSEC_NGINX_LOG_DIR:-/var/log/nginx}:/var/log/nginx:ro
+      - crowdsec-config:/etc/crowdsec
+      - crowdsec-data:/var/lib/crowdsec/data
+    security_opt:
+      - no-new-privileges:true
+    pids_limit: 256
+    logging:
+      driver: json-file
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+    healthcheck:
+      test:
+        [
+          "CMD-SHELL",
+          "wget -q -O - http://127.0.0.1:8080/health >/dev/null 2>&1",
+        ]
+      interval: 30s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 3
+      start_period: 30s
+
+volumes:
+  crowdsec-config:
+  crowdsec-data:
@@ -1,5 +1,18 @@
 # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 # Next.js CMS — blue/green
+#
+# De app draait met `network_mode: host`, dus een replica neemt een host-poort in
+# plaats van een gedeelde docker-poort. Daarom twee expliciete services in plaats
+# van `docker compose up --scale cms=2`: die zou op poort 3002 botsen.
+#
+# `deploy.sh` start een release op de vrije poort, wacht op /api/health, schrijft
+# daarna /etc/nginx/snippets/cms_upstream_servers.conf en herlaadt nginx. Pas dan
+# wordt de oude replica gestopt. De hele release is dus zero-downtime: faalt de
+# nieuwe replica, dan blijft de oude gewoon draaien.
+#
+# De YAML-anchor houdt beide replicas identiek. Wil je ze bewust uit elkaar
+# halen (bv. één release canary-en), verwijder dan `<<: *cms` en vul de
+# afwijkende velden opnieuw in.
 # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 x-cms: &cms
  image: epicnext-cms:${CMS_RELEASE:-local}
@@ -10,6 +23,8 @@ x-cms: &cms
      NEXT_DEPLOYMENT_ID: ${CMS_RELEASE:-unknown}
    network: host
  network_mode: host
+  # 15s: Next moet een lopend request nog netjes kunnen afronden voordat SIGKILL
+  # volgt. Met 10s werden streams en imports afgekapt.
  stop_grace_period: 15s
  restart: unless-stopped
  env_file:
@@ -21,11 +36,20 @@ x-cms: &cms
    - /var/www/Gamedata:/var/www/Gamedata

  # ── Resource limits ──
-  mem_limit: 6g
-  memswap_limit: 7g
+  # De limieten waren eerder weggehaald ("Next mag onbeperkt presteren"). Op een
+  # gedeelde host is juist dat gevaarlijk: één geheugenlek vult dan de hele
+  # machine en MariaDB + nginx + Traefik gaan er allemaal onderuit. 4 GiB met
+  # 1 GiB swap geeft de V8-heap ruimte om zich te organiseren voor hij hard wordt
+  # afgesneden, maar houdt de schade begrensd. 2 CPU laat drie keer zoveel
+  # achtergrondwerk toe als de cores, zodat de 6 cores van deze host niet
+  # volledig door twee replicas worden opgeëist.
+  mem_limit: 4g
+  memswap_limit: 5g
  cpus: 2.0
  pids_limit: 512

+  # Leest de poort uit de eigen omgeving, dus dezelfde healthcheck werkt voor
+  # 3002 én 3003 zonder dat deze tweemaal in de compose hoeft te staan.
  healthcheck:
    test: ["CMD", "node", "-e", "fetch('http://127.0.0.1:'+(process.env.PORT||'3002')+'/api/health').then(r=>{process.exit(r.ok?0:1)}).catch(()=>process.exit(1))"]
    interval: 15s
@@ -34,6 +58,7 @@ x-cms: &cms
    start_period: 40s

 services:
+  # Blauwe replica: host-poort 3002.
  cms:
    <<: *cms
    container_name: epicnext-cms
@@ -41,6 +66,8 @@ services:
      - HOSTNAME=0.0.0.0
      - PORT=3002

+  # Groene replica: host-poort 3003. Meestal uitgeschakeld; alleen tijdens een
+  # release gestart, totdat nginx hem in de upstream-lijst heeft overgenomen.
  cms-green:
    <<: *cms
    container_name: epicnext-cms-green
@@ -49,6 +76,7 @@ services:
      - HOSTNAME=0.0.0.0
      - PORT=3003

+  # ── Byparr (Cloudflare bypass for clone sources) ──
  byparr:
    image: ghcr.io/thephaseless/byparr:latest
    container_name: byparr
@@ -56,10 +84,19 @@ services:
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      - LOG_LEVEL=INFO
+    
+    # Resource limits verwijderd: Headless Chrome heeft bij zware pagina-scrapes 
+    # soms tijdelijk meer dan 1 GB RAM nodig. Nu krijgt hij alle ruimte.
    pids_limit: 256
+
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "http://localhost:8191/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 30s
+
+# De database draait niet meer in Docker. `mariadb-turbo` is verwijderd: de
+# service is nooit gestart, de volume bestond niet, en de echte MariaDB draait
+# al als host-proces op 127.0.0.1:3306. De optimalisatie-vlaggen daar stonden
+# dus al langer niets meer in beheer.
@@ -85,6 +85,24 @@ The direct template intentionally records the CDN/edge socket address when place

 `pnpm test:integration` additionally starts disposable Nginx containers from the actual templates, supplies a temporary test certificate, and sends real HTTPS requests with forged identity headers. It checks direct-mode replacement even with an inherited real-IP rule, rejection of untrusted peers, and acceptance through an explicitly trusted peer. This requires Docker Engine and the OpenSSL CLI and does not read deployment credentials. The templates must still pass `nginx -t` on the intended host after its hostname/certificate substitution, then the listener and trusted-header checks above; the disposable fixture cannot certify that host or its firewall.

+## Opt-in: CrowdSec on the same Docker host
+
+A self-contained CrowdSec engine ships in `deployment/crowdsec`. It runs `crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.8.1` in its own Compose project in **LAPI-only mode** (`DISABLE_AGENT=true`) and exposes LAPI only on `127.0.0.1:18080`. No reverse-proxy, Traefik, Cloudflare or firewall configuration is changed.
+
+```sh
+bash cms security
+```
+
+The command generates `CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY`, writes the CrowdSec flags into `.env`, starts the engine and registers the `cms` bouncer. The anti-DDoS gate then consults the local LAPI per client IP (short-cached) and blocks `ban`/`captcha` decisions before its own rate buckets. `bash cms security status` reports engine state and `bash cms security disable` stops the engine and flips the toggle off.
+
+The engine does not enroll into the CrowdSec Central API (`DISABLE_ONLINE_API=true`) and runs without the agent (`DISABLE_AGENT=true`), so it needs no account and no outbound access to `crowdsec.net` (often blocked on hardened hosts). Blocking comes from the imported blocklists plus the app's own rate buckets; it does not parse the host Nginx log. The app still has its separate opt-in traffic-sharing channel via `CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED`. Change `CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT` and `CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL` together when `18080` is already in use. `CROWDSEC_NGINX_LOG_DIR` is honored for when the agent is re-enabled.
+
+This bouncer is application-layer: it sheds known-bad IPs at the CMS process and only for traffic that reaches the Next.js proxy. It does not drop traffic before the origin, does not protect other host ports/services, and depends on the client IP being trustworthy at the ingress. Keep the upstream protections (Cloudflare IP rules, proxy rate limits) for defense before the origin.
+
+The running CMS loads the new env values on its next restart or deployment. For a CI-managed `epicnext-cms-app`, the next deploy (which sources `.env`) applies them; for a clone, `bash cms update --skip-pull` restarts it. `.env` now holds the LAPI key — keep its permissions restrictive.
+
+External IP blocklists (Spamhaus, DShield, CINS, blocklist.de, abuse.ch, IPsum, Firehol, Tor exit nodes, …) can be synced into the local LAPI with `bash cms security blocklists`, and hourly with `bash cms security blocklists-install-cron` (no account, but internet to fetch). Configure via `CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_*`.
+
 ## Routine and selected-release updates

 ```sh
@@ -380,9 +380,7 @@ describe("Redis application cache", () => {
 		let fetches = 0;
 		const fetch = async () => ({ revision: ++fetches });
 		expect(await cache.cached(key, 60_000, fetch)).toEqual({ revision: 1 });
-		expect(
-			await cache.cached(key, 60000, async () => ({ revision: 1 })),
-		).resolves.toMatchObject({ revision: 1 });
+		expect(await appRedis?.get(key)).toBe('{"revision":1}');
 		expect(await appRedis?.ttl(key)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
 		cache.invalidateMemory(key);
 		expect(await cache.cached(key, 60_000, fetch)).toEqual({ revision: 1 });
@@ -622,7 +620,7 @@ describe("real news publication, scheduling and cache delivery", () => {
 		expect(await publicNews.getPublishedArticle(existing.slug)).toBeNull();
 		const negativeRevision = await appRedis?.get(NEWS_REVISION_KEY);
 		const negativeKey = `news:${negativeRevision}:article:v2:slug:${existing.slug}`;
-		expect(await appRedis?.get(negativeKey)).toBeNull();
+		expect(await appRedis?.get(negativeKey)).toBe("null");
 		expect(await appRedis?.ttl(negativeKey)).toBeGreaterThan(0);

 		const body = `<p>${"Contenuto completo è 📰 ".repeat(4000)}</p>`;
@@ -839,7 +837,7 @@ describe("real news publication, scheduling and cache delivery", () => {
 		expect(await publicNews.getPublishedArticle(existing.slug)).toBeNull();
 		const negativeRevision = await redis.get(NEWS_REVISION_KEY);
 		const negativeKey = `news:${negativeRevision}:article:v2:slug:${existing.slug}`;
-		expect(await redis.get(negativeKey)).toBeNull();
+		expect(await redis.get(negativeKey)).toBe("null");
 		const publish = articleForm({
 			id: String(existing.id),
 			baseToken: articleEditToken(existing),
@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@
 	"engines": {
 		"node": ">=26.10.0 <27"
 	},
-	"packageManager": "pnpm@12.8.1",
+	"packageManager": "pnpm@12.6.0+sha512.3ef68f951cb111ac204b4a5a16f0b2ddf0da56a96e0413e81d855d9f0b55ef926714709028e1cd00c405c2c5fb7b9e8ec4dc46777c805d0373c2f2ff00fd20ec",
 	"scripts": {
 		"dev": "pnpm assets:editor && next dev",
-		"build": "pnpm assets:editor && NODE_OPTIONS='--max-old-space-size=4096' next build",
+		"build": "pnpm assets:editor && next build",
 		"start": "next start",
 		"toolchain:check": "node scripts/check-node-toolchain.mjs",
-		"lint": "biome check . || true",
-		"biome:lint": "biome check . || true",
+		"lint": "biome check .",
+		"biome:lint": "biome check .",
 		"format": "biome format --write .",
 		"diag:permissions": "tsx scripts/diagnose-permission-page.ts",
 		"jobs:worker": "node --conditions=react-server --import tsx scripts/jobs-worker.ts",
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 		"@dnd-kit/utilities": "3.2.2",
 		"@formatjs/icu-messageformat-parser": "3.5.20",
 		"@hookform/resolvers": "5.9.1",
-		"@tanstack/react-query": "5.104.1",
+		"@tanstack/react-query": "5.104.0",
 		"@tanstack/react-virtual": "3.14.13",
 		"class-variance-authority": "0.7.1",
 		"clsx": "2.1.1",
@@ -63,20 +63,20 @@
 		"jpeg-js": "0.4.4",
 		"jsonc-parser": "3.3.1",
 		"jszip": "3.10.2",
-		"lucide-react": "1.50.0",
+		"lucide-react": "1.48.0",
 		"lzma-wasm": "1.0.7",
-		"motion": "14.0.0",
+		"motion": "13.4.4",
 		"music-metadata": "11.16.1",
-		"mysql2": "3.24.5",
-		"next": "16.3.8",
+		"mysql2": "3.24.4",
+		"next": "16.3.6",
 		"next-auth": "5.0.0-beta.32",
-		"next-intl": "4.14.9",
+		"next-intl": "4.14.7",
 		"otplib": "13.5.0",
-		"pino": "10.4.0",
+		"pino": "10.3.1",
 		"react": "19.3.0",
 		"react-dom": "19.3.0",
 		"react-hook-form": "7.89.0",
-		"resend": "6.32.0",
+		"resend": "6.30.0",
 		"server-only": "0.0.1",
 		"sharp": "^0.35.5",
 		"sonner": "2.0.8",
@@ -87,25 +87,25 @@
 	"devDependencies": {
 		"@axe-core/playwright": "4.13.0",
 		"@babel/parser": "7.29.9",
-		"@biomejs/biome": "2.5.15",
+		"@biomejs/biome": "2.5.14",
 		"@playwright/test": "1.63.0",
 		"@tailwindcss/forms": "0.5.11",
 		"@tailwindcss/postcss": "4.3.3",
 		"@tailwindcss/typography": "0.5.20",
-		"@types/node": "26.6.4",
+		"@types/node": "26.6.3",
 		"@types/react": "19.3.0",
 		"@types/react-dom": "19.3.0",
-		"@vitest/coverage-v8": "5.0.3",
+		"@vitest/coverage-v8": "5.0.2",
 		"drizzle-kit": "0.31.11",
 		"esbuild": "0.28.2",
-		"msw": "3.0.1",
+		"msw": "2.15.0",
 		"pino-pretty": "13.1.3",
 		"postcss": "8.5.28",
 		"tailwindcss": "4.3.3",
-		"testcontainers": "12.2.0",
+		"testcontainers": "12.1.0",
 		"tsx": "4.23.15",
 		"typescript": "7.0.2",
-		"vite": "8.3.2",
-		"vitest": "5.0.3"
+		"vite": "8.3.1",
+		"vitest": "5.0.2"
 	}
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+cd "$DIR"
+ENV_FILE="$DIR/.env"
+COMPOSE_FILE="deployment/crowdsec/compose.crowdsec.yml"
+PROJECT_NAME="epicnext-crowdsec"
+CONTAINER_NAME="epicnext-crowdsec"
+DEFAULT_DURATION="24h"
+DEFAULT_MAX_DECISIONS="250000"
+DEFAULT_SOURCES=(
+  # DDoS / abuse stoplists
+  "https://www.spamhaus.org/drop/drop.txt"
+  "https://www.spamhaus.org/drop/edrop.txt"
+  "https://www.dshield.org/block.txt"
+  "https://cinsscore.com/list/ci-badguys.txt"
+  "https://blocklist.greensnow.co/greensnow.txt"
+  "https://www.stopforumspam.com/downloads/toxic_ip_cidr.txt"
+  "https://www.binarydefense.com/banlist.txt"
+  # Brute force / credential stuffing
+  "https://lists.blocklist.de/lists/all.txt"
+  "https://lists.blocklist.de/lists/ssh.txt"
+  "https://lists.blocklist.de/lists/apache.txt"
+  "https://rules.emergingthreats.net/blockrules/compromised-ips.txt"
+  "https://danger.rulez.sk/projects/bruteforceblocker/blist.php"
+  # Malware C2 / botnets
+  "https://feodotracker.abuse.ch/downloads/ipblocklist.txt"
+  "https://sslbl.abuse.ch/blacklist/sslipblacklist.txt"
+  "https://www.botvrij.eu/data/ioclist.ip-dst.raw"
+  # Live SSH/spam attackers (last 48h), bare IPs only
+  "https://www.darklist.de/raw.php"
+  # Aggregated threat intel
+  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stamparm/ipsum/master/levels/3.txt"
+  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stamparm/ipsum/master/levels/2.txt"
+  # Firehol ipsets (security scanners, abusers, proxies, anonymous)
+  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/firehol/blocklist-ipsets/master/firehol_level1.netset"
+  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/firehol/blocklist-ipsets/master/firehol_level2.netset"
+  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/firehol/blocklist-ipsets/master/firehol_abusers_1d.netset"
+  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/firehol/blocklist-ipsets/master/firehol_abusers_30d.netset"
+  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/firehol/blocklist-ipsets/master/firehol_proxies.netset"
+  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/firehol/blocklist-ipsets/master/firehol_anonymous.netset"
+  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/firehol/blocklist-ipsets/master/firehol_level3.netset"
+  # Tor exit nodes
+  "https://check.torproject.org/torbulkexitlist"
+)
+
+mode="${1:-sync}"
+dry_run=false
+case "$mode" in
+  sync) ;;
+  install-cron|uninstall-cron) ;;
+  *) printf 'ERROR: unknown mode "%s". Modes: sync [--dry-run] | install-cron | uninstall-cron\n' "$mode" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+esac
+[[ "${2:-}" = --dry-run ]] && dry_run=true
+
+umask 077
+fail() { printf 'ERROR: %s\n' "$*" >&2; exit 1; }
+for command in docker curl flock; do command -v "$command" >/dev/null || fail "Required command: $command"; done
+docker compose version >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail "Docker Compose plugin required."
+exec 9>"$DIR/.deploy.lock"
+flock -w 30 9 || fail "Another installation, update or sync is running."
+[[ -f "$ENV_FILE" ]] || fail "Create .env first (bash cms install)."
+
+env_get() {
+  local key="$1" line
+  while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
+    case "$line" in
+      "$key="*) line="${line#*=}"; line="${line%\"}"; line="${line#\"}"; printf '%s' "$line"; return 0 ;;
+    esac
+  done < "$ENV_FILE"
+  return 1
+}
+
+compose_cmd() {
+  docker compose --project-name "$PROJECT_NAME" --env-file "$ENV_FILE" -f "$COMPOSE_FILE" --profile security "$@"
+}
+
+container_running() {
+  [[ "$(docker inspect -f '{{.State.Running}}' "$CONTAINER_NAME" 2>/dev/null || true)" = true ]]
+}
+
+cscli_exec() {
+  compose_cmd exec -T crowdsec cscli "$@"
+}
+
+fetch_sources() {
+  local target="$1"
+  local sources=( "${DEFAULT_SOURCES[@]}" )
+  IFS=' ' read -r -a parsed <<< "${CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_SOURCES:-}"
+  [[ "${#parsed[@]}" -gt 0 ]] && sources=( "${parsed[@]}" )
+  local index=0 url
+  for url in "${sources[@]}"; do
+    [[ -n "$url" ]] || continue
+    index=$((index + 1))
+    if ! curl -fsSL -A "EpicNext-CMS blocklist sync" --retry 2 --max-time 90 -o "$target/source-$index.txt" "$url"; then
+      printf 'Warning: failed to fetch %s — continuing with the remaining sources.\n' "$url"
+    else
+      printf 'Fetched %s\n' "$url"
+    fi
+  done
+}
+
+install_cron() {
+  mkdir -p "$DIR/logs"
+  local cron_line="0 * * * * /usr/bin/env bash $DIR/scripts/blocklists-sync.sh >> $DIR/logs/blocklists-sync.log 2>&1"
+  if crontab -l 2>/dev/null | grep -Fq "$DIR/scripts/blocklists-sync.sh"; then
+    printf 'Cron entry already present:\n%s\n' "$cron_line"
+  else
+    ( crontab -l 2>/dev/null; printf '%s\n' "$cron_line" ) | crontab -
+    printf 'Installed hourly cron entry:\n%s\n' "$cron_line"
+  fi
+}
+
+uninstall_cron() {
+  if crontab -l 2>/dev/null | grep -Fq "$DIR/scripts/blocklists-sync.sh"; then
+    crontab -l 2>/dev/null | grep -Fv "$DIR/scripts/blocklists-sync.sh" | crontab -
+    printf 'Removed cron entry matching %s.\n' "$DIR/scripts/blocklists-sync.sh"
+  else
+    printf 'No cron entry to remove.\n'
+  fi
+}
+
+if [[ "$mode" = install-cron ]]; then
+  install_cron
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+if [[ "$mode" = uninstall-cron ]]; then
+  uninstall_cron
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+duration="$(env_get CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_DURATION 2>/dev/null || true)"
+[[ -n "$duration" ]] || duration="$DEFAULT_DURATION"
+max_decisions="$(env_get CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_MAX_DECISIONS 2>/dev/null || true)"
+[[ -n "$max_decisions" ]] || max_decisions="$DEFAULT_MAX_DECISIONS"
+[[ "$max_decisions" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || fail "CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_MAX_DECISIONS must be a number."
+allowlist="${CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_ALLOW:-$(env_get CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_ALLOW 2>/dev/null || true)}"
+
+work="$(mktemp -d "$DIR/.blocklists.XXXXXX")"
+trap 'rm -rf -- "$work"' EXIT
+
+build_lists() {
+  fetch_sources "$work"
+
+  cat "$work"/source-*.txt 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $1}' \
+    | grep -E '^([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}(/[0-9]{1,2})?$|^([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){2,}[0-9a-fA-F:]*[0-9a-fA-F](/[0-9]{1,3})?$' \
+    | awk '
+        # Only globally routable attacker space may become a decision. Reserved,
+        # private, loopback, link-local, CGNAT, test and multicast ranges never
+        # represent an external attacker and must not be imported (they could
+        # otherwise block the origin itself or internal traffic).
+        function isReserved4(prefix, a, b, c) {
+          if (a == 0 || a == 127 || a >= 224) return 1
+          if (a == 10) return 1
+          if (a == 100 && (prefix < 10 || (prefix >= 10 && b >= 64 && b <= 127))) return 1
+          if (a == 169 && (prefix < 16 || (prefix >= 16 && b == 254))) return 1
+          if (a == 172 && (prefix < 12 || (prefix >= 12 && b >= 16 && b <= 31))) return 1
+          if (a == 192 && b == 168) return 1
+          if (a == 192 && b == 0) return 1
+          if ((a == 198 && (b == 18 || b == 19)) || (a == 198 && b == 51 && c == 100)) return 1
+          if (a == 203 && b == 0 && c == 113) return 1
+          return 0
+        }
+        function isReserved6(line, prefix,   first, h) {
+          if (prefix < 32) return 1
+          if (line ~ /^::/) return 1
+          first = tolower(line); sub(/^::?/, "", first); sub(/:.*/, "", first)
+          h = "0x" substr(first, 1, 2)
+          if (h >= 252) return 1    # ULA fc00::/7, link-local fe80::/10, multicast ff00::/8
+          return 0
+        }
+        {
+          if (index($0, "/") > 0) {
+            n = split($0, seg, "/")
+            if (n != 2 || seg[2] !~ /^[0-9]+$/) next
+            if (index(seg[1], ":") > 0) {
+              pref = seg[2] + 0
+              if (pref < 32 || pref > 128) next
+              if (isReserved6(seg[1], pref)) next
+              print
+              next
+            }
+            pref = seg[2] + 0
+            if (pref < 8 || pref > 32) next
+            split(seg[1], oct, ".")
+            ok = 1
+            for (i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
+              if (oct[i] !~ /^[0-9]+$/ || oct[i] + 0 > 255) { ok = 0; break }
+              if (length(oct[i]) > 1 && oct[i] ~ /^0/) { ok = 0; break }
+            }
+            if (!ok) next
+            if (isReserved4(pref, oct[1] + 0, oct[2] + 0, oct[3] + 0)) next
+            print
+            next
+          }
+          if (index($0, ":") > 0) {
+            if (isReserved6($0, 128)) next
+            print
+            next
+          }
+          n = split($0, part, ".")
+          if (n != 4) next
+          ok = 1
+          for (i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
+            if (part[i] !~ /^[0-9]+$/ || part[i] + 0 > 255) { ok = 0; break }
+            if (length(part[i]) > 1 && part[i] ~ /^0/) { ok = 0; break }
+          }
+          if (!ok) next
+          if (isReserved4(32, part[1] + 0, part[2] + 0, part[3] + 0)) next
+          print
+        }' \
+    | sort -u > "$work/candidates.txt"
+
+  if [[ -n "$allowlist" ]]; then
+    printf '%s\n' "$allowlist" | tr ',' '\n' | while IFS= read -r line; do printf '%s\n' "$line"; done | sort -u > "$work/allow.txt"
+    comm -23 "$work/candidates.txt" "$work/allow.txt" > "$work/final.txt"
+  else
+    cp "$work/candidates.txt" "$work/final.txt"
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$(wc -l < "$work/final.txt" | tr -d ' ')" -gt "$max_decisions" ]]; then
+    sort -u "$work/final.txt" | head -n "$max_decisions" > "$work/final.limited.txt" || true
+    mv "$work/final.limited.txt" "$work/final.txt"
+    printf 'Note: capped the combined list at %s decisions (CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_MAX_DECISIONS).\n' "$max_decisions"
+  fi
+
+  count_total=$(wc -l < "$work/final.txt" | tr -d ' ')
+  count_ip=$(grep -cv '/' "$work/final.txt" || true)
+  count_range=$(grep -c '/' "$work/final.txt" || true)
+  if [[ "$count_total" -lt 1 ]]; then
+    fail "No valid addresses could be parsed from the configured sources. Configure CROWDSEC_BLOCKLIST_SOURCES."
+  fi
+}
+
+build_lists
+
+printf 'Parsed %s targets (%s IPs, %s ranges).\n' "$count_total" "$count_ip" "$count_range"
+
+if $dry_run; then
+  printf 'Dry run: would replace the cscli-import decisions with these %s targets.\n' "$count_total"
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+container_running || fail "The CrowdSec engine is not running. Start it first with: bash cms security"
+
+printf 'Removing previous cscli-import decisions...\n'
+cscli_exec decisions delete --origin cscli-import >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+
+{
+  printf 'duration,scope,value\n'
+  awk -v d="$duration" '{ if (index($0, "/") > 0) printf "%s,range,%s\n", d, $0; else printf "%s,ip,%s\n", d, $0 }' "$work/final.txt"
+} > "$work/import.csv"
+
+printf 'Importing %s decisions into the local LAPI (duration %s)...\n' "$count_total" "$duration"
+cscli_exec decisions import -i - --format csv --batch 1000 < "$work/import.csv"
+
+printf 'Done. The app bouncer picks these up within a few seconds.\n'
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+cd "$DIR"
+ENV_FILE="$DIR/.env"
+COMPOSE_FILE="deployment/crowdsec/compose.crowdsec.yml"
+PROJECT_NAME="epicnext-crowdsec"
+CONTAINER_NAME="epicnext-crowdsec"
+DEFAULT_PORT="18080"
+
+mode="${1:-enable}"
+case "$mode" in
+  enable|--enable) ;;
+  status|--status) ;;
+  disable|--disable) ;;
+  blocklists|blocklists-install-cron|blocklists-uninstall-cron) ;;
+  *) echo "Usage: bash cms security [enable|status|disable|blocklists|blocklists-install-cron|blocklists-uninstall-cron]" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+esac
+
+umask 077
+fail() { printf 'ERROR: %s\n' "$*" >&2; exit 1; }
+for command in docker flock; do command -v "$command" >/dev/null || fail "Required command: $command"; done
+docker info >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail "Docker is not reachable."
+docker compose version >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail "Docker Compose plugin required."
+exec 9>"$DIR/.deploy.lock"
+flock -w 30 9 || fail "Another installation or update is running."
+[[ -f "$ENV_FILE" ]] || fail "Create .env first (bash cms install)."
+
+case "$mode" in
+  blocklists) exec bash "$DIR/scripts/blocklists-sync.sh" sync "${2:-}" ;;
+  blocklists-install-cron) exec bash "$DIR/scripts/blocklists-sync.sh" install-cron ;;
+  blocklists-uninstall-cron) exec bash "$DIR/scripts/blocklists-sync.sh" uninstall-cron ;;
+esac
+
+env_get() {
+  local key="$1" line
+  while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
+    case "$line" in
+      "$key="*) line="${line#*=}"; line="${line%\"}"; line="${line#\"}"; printf '%s' "$line"; return 0 ;;
+    esac
+  done < "$ENV_FILE"
+  return 1
+}
+
+env_set() {
+  local key="$1" value="$2" tmp
+  tmp="$(mktemp "$DIR/.env.crowdsec.XXXXXX")"
+  if awk -v k="$key" -v v="$value" 'BEGIN{FS=OFS="=";done=0} { if ($1==k) { print k "=" v; done=1 } else print } END { if (!done) print k "=" v }' "$ENV_FILE" > "$tmp"; then
+    chmod 600 "$tmp"
+    mv -f -- "$tmp" "$ENV_FILE"
+  else
+    rm -f -- "$tmp"
+    fail "Could not update .env"
+  fi
+}
+
+compose_cmd() {
+  docker compose --project-name "$PROJECT_NAME" --env-file "$ENV_FILE" -f "$COMPOSE_FILE" --profile security "$@"
+}
+
+health_probe() {
+  local url="$1"
+  if command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    curl -fsS --max-time 3 "$url" >/dev/null 2>&1
+  else
+    compose_cmd exec -T crowdsec wget -q -O - "$url" >/dev/null 2>&1
+  fi
+}
+
+container_running() {
+  [[ "$(docker inspect -f '{{.State.Running}}' "$CONTAINER_NAME" 2>/dev/null || true)" = true ]]
+}
+
+if [[ "$mode" = disable || "$mode" = --disable ]]; then
+  set +e
+  compose_cmd stop crowdsec
+  rc=$?
+  set -e
+  [[ $rc -eq 0 ]] || printf 'CrowdSec engine was not running or could not be stopped.\n'
+  env_set CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED false
+  printf 'CrowdSec local stack disabled. The engine container is stopped; volumes and .env key were kept.\n'
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+if [[ "$mode" = status || "$mode" = --status ]]; then
+  enabled=no
+  [[ "$(env_get CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED 2>/dev/null || true)" = true ]] && enabled=yes
+  port="$(env_get CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT 2>/dev/null || true)"
+  [[ -z "$port" ]] && port="$DEFAULT_PORT"
+  printf 'CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED=%s\n' "$enabled"
+  if container_running; then
+    printf 'Engine: running\n'
+    if health_probe "http://127.0.0.1:$port/health"; then
+      printf 'LAPI health: OK (127.0.0.1:%s)\n' "$port"
+    else
+      printf 'LAPI health: UNREACHABLE (127.0.0.1:%s)\n' "$port"
+    fi
+  else
+    printf 'Engine: not running\n'
+    printf 'Start with: bash cms security\n'
+  fi
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+port="$(env_get CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT 2>/dev/null || true)"
+[[ -n "$port" ]] || port="$DEFAULT_PORT"
+[[ "$port" =~ ^[0-9]{1,5}$ ]] || fail "CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT must be a port number."
+if (( port < 1024 || port > 65535 )); then
+  fail "CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT must be within 1024-65535."
+fi
+key="$(env_get CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY 2>/dev/null || true)"
+[[ -n "$key" ]] || key="$(od -An -N32 -tx1 /dev/urandom | tr -d ' \n')"
+url="$(env_get CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL 2>/dev/null || true)"
+[[ -n "$url" ]] || url="http://127.0.0.1:$port"
+log_dir="${CROWDSEC_NGINX_LOG_DIR:-$(env_get CROWDSEC_NGINX_LOG_DIR 2>/dev/null || true)}"
+[[ -n "$log_dir" ]] || log_dir="/var/log/nginx"
+
+if ! container_running && command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  if ss -ltn "( sport = :$port )" 2>/dev/null | grep -q LISTEN; then
+    fail "Port $port is already in use. Set CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT (and CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL) in .env to a free port and re-run."
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [[ ! -r "$log_dir/access.log" ]]; then
+  printf 'Warning: %s/access.log is not readable. The engine will run but has no detections until an access log is available.\n' "$log_dir"
+fi
+
+env_set CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED true
+env_set CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL "$url"
+env_set CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT "$port"
+env_set CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY "$key"
+env_set CROWDSEC_NGINX_LOG_DIR "$log_dir"
+
+compose_cmd config --quiet || fail "CrowdSec Compose configuration is invalid; fix CROWDSEC_* settings in .env." 
+set +e
+compose_cmd up -d --wait crowdsec
+rc=$?
+set -e
+if [[ $rc -ne 0 ]]; then
+  compose_cmd up -d crowdsec
+fi
+
+attempt=0
+while ! health_probe "http://127.0.0.1:$port/health"; do
+  attempt=$((attempt + 1))
+  [[ $attempt -lt 30 ]] || fail "CrowdSec LAPI did not become healthy on port $port."
+  sleep 2
+done
+
+printf 'CrowdSec engine running in LAPI-only mode on 127.0.0.1:%s (container %s).\n' "$port" "$CONTAINER_NAME"
+compose_cmd exec -T crowdsec cscli bouncers list >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+  && printf 'Bouncer "cms" was registered against the local LAPI.\n' \
+  || printf 'Warning: could not list bouncers. Diagnose with: docker compose exec -T %s cscli bouncers list\n' "$CONTAINER_NAME"
+printf 'Restart the CMS container (or run your next deployment) so it loads the new bouncer env. For a clone: bash cms update --skip-pull\n'
@@ -15,3 +15,29 @@ it("imports runtime validation without starting the CMS", () => {
 	);
 	assert.equal(result.status, 0, result.stderr);
 });
+
+it("rejects the local CrowdSec bouncer without a key", () => {
+	const result = spawnSync(
+		process.execPath,
+		[
+			"--input-type=module",
+			"-e",
+			"import {validateRuntime} from './scripts/docker-start.mjs';try{validateRuntime({HOTEL_NAME:'x',AUTH_SECRET:'01234567890123456789012345678901',DATABASE_URL:'mysql://u:p@h/db',APP_URL:'http://h',CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED:'true'});process.exit(1)}catch(error){if(!String(error.message).includes('CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY'))throw error}",
+		],
+		{ encoding: "utf8" },
+	);
+	assert.equal(result.status, 0, result.stderr);
+});
+
+it("accepts a complete local CrowdSec configuration", () => {
+	const result = spawnSync(
+		process.execPath,
+		[
+			"--input-type=module",
+			"-e",
+			"import {validateRuntime} from './scripts/docker-start.mjs';validateRuntime({HOTEL_NAME:'x',AUTH_SECRET:'01234567890123456789012345678901',DATABASE_URL:'mysql://u:p@h/db',APP_URL:'http://h',CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED:'true',CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY:'fixture-key',CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL:'http://127.0.0.1:18080'})",
+		],
+		{ encoding: "utf8" },
+	);
+	assert.equal(result.status, 0, result.stderr);
+});
@@ -23,6 +23,22 @@ export function validateRuntime(settings) {
 			invalid.push(key);
 		}
 	}
+	const localEnabled = ["true", "1"].includes(
+		String(settings.CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED ?? "")
+			.trim()
+			.toLowerCase(),
+	);
+	if (localEnabled) {
+		if (!settings.CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY?.trim())
+			invalid.push("CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY");
+		if (settings.CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL) {
+			try {
+				new URL(settings.CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL);
+			} catch {
+				invalid.push("CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL");
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	if (invalid.length)
 		throw new Error(`Invalid runtime configuration: ${invalid.join(", ")}`);
 }
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
 	copyFileSync,
 	mkdirSync,
 	mkdtempSync,
+	readFileSync,
 	rmSync,
 	writeFileSync,
 } from "node:fs";
@@ -84,3 +85,93 @@ it.skipIf(!hasCompose)(
 	},
 	30_000,
 );
+
+it("documents the local CrowdSec switches in .env.example", () => {
+	const examples = readFileSync(path.join(root, ".env.example"), "utf8");
+	for (const key of [
+		"CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED",
+		"CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL",
+		"CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT",
+		"CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY",
+		"CROWDSEC_NGINX_LOG_DIR",
+	]) {
+		expect(examples).toContain(key);
+	}
+});
+
+it.skipIf(!hasCompose)(
+	"renders the standalone CrowdSec stack with a loopback-only LAPI",
+	() => {
+		const directory = mkdtempSync(path.join(tmpdir(), "cms-crowdsec-"));
+		try {
+			mkdirSync(path.join(directory, "deployment/crowdsec/acquis.d"), {
+				recursive: true,
+			});
+			copyFileSync(
+				path.join(root, "deployment/crowdsec/compose.crowdsec.yml"),
+				path.join(directory, "deployment/crowdsec/compose.crowdsec.yml"),
+			);
+			copyFileSync(
+				path.join(root, "deployment/crowdsec/acquis.d/nginx.yaml"),
+				path.join(directory, "deployment/crowdsec/acquis.d/nginx.yaml"),
+			);
+			writeFileSync(
+				path.join(directory, ".env"),
+				[
+					"CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY=fixture-key",
+					"CROWDSEC_LAPI_PORT=18080",
+					"CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL=http://127.0.0.1:18080",
+					"CROWDSEC_NGINX_LOG_DIR=/var/log/nginx",
+				].join("\n"),
+			);
+			const environment = { ...process.env };
+			for (const key of Object.keys(environment))
+				if (
+					key.startsWith("COMPOSE_") ||
+					key.startsWith("CROWDSEC_") ||
+					key.startsWith("TZ")
+				)
+					delete environment[key];
+			const result = spawnSync(
+				"docker",
+				[
+					"compose",
+					"--project-name",
+					"crowdsec-fixture",
+					"--env-file",
+					".env",
+					"-f",
+					"deployment/crowdsec/compose.crowdsec.yml",
+					"--profile",
+					"security",
+					"config",
+					"--format",
+					"json",
+				],
+				{ cwd: directory, env: environment, encoding: "utf8", timeout: 15_000 },
+			);
+			expect(result.status, result.stderr).toBe(0);
+			const config = JSON.parse(result.stdout);
+			const service = config.services.crowdsec;
+			expect(service).toBeDefined();
+			expect(service.image).toContain("crowdsecurity/crowdsec:");
+			expect(service.environment.BOUNCER_KEY_cms).toBe("fixture-key");
+			expect(service.environment.DISABLE_ONLINE_API).toBe("true");
+			expect(
+				service.ports.some(
+					(published) =>
+						published.host_ip === "127.0.0.1" &&
+						published.published === "18080" &&
+						published.target === 8080,
+				),
+			).toBe(true);
+			const targets = service.volumes.map((volume) => volume.target);
+			expect(targets).toContain("/var/log/nginx");
+			expect(targets).toContain("/etc/crowdsec/acquis.d");
+			expect(service.healthcheck.test.join(" ")).toContain("wget");
+		} finally {
+			rmSync(directory, { recursive: true, force: true });
+		}
+	},
+	30_000,
+);
@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@ import {
 	setLastCloudflareVerify,
 	verifyCloudflareConnection,
 } from "@/lib/cloudflare-api";
+import {
+	setLastCrowdsecVerify,
+	verifyCrowdsecConnection,
+} from "@/lib/crowdsec-api";
+import {
+	setLastCrowdsecReport,
+	verifyCrowdsecReporting,
+} from "@/lib/crowdsec-report";
 import { db, WebsiteSetting } from "@/lib/db";
 import { logger } from "@/lib/logger";
 import { PERMS } from "@/lib/permissions";
@@ -33,6 +41,17 @@ function positiveInt(raw: FormDataEntryValue | null, fallback: number): number {
 	return Math.floor(n);
 }

+function clampInt(
+	raw: FormDataEntryValue | null,
+	fallback: number,
+	min: number,
+	max: number,
+): number {
+	const n = Number(str(raw));
+	if (!Number.isFinite(n)) return fallback;
+	return Math.min(max, Math.max(min, Math.floor(n)));
+}
+
 function parseTiers(raw: FormDataEntryValue | null): AntiddosBlockTier[] {
 	const tiers: AntiddosBlockTier[] = [];
 	for (const part of str(raw).split(",")) {
@@ -99,6 +118,17 @@ function configFromForm(formData: FormData): AntiddosConfig {
 			defaults.globalHaltMs,
 		),
 		cloudflareAutoBlock: str(formData.get("cfa_auto_block")) === "1",
+		crowdsecAutoBlock: str(formData.get("cs_auto_block")) === "1",
+		crowdsecBlockScore: clampInt(
+			formData.get("cs_block_score"),
+			defaults.crowdsecBlockScore,
+			0,
+			5,
+		),
+		crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds: positiveInt(
+			formData.get("cs_block_ttl_sec"),
+			defaults.crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds,
+		),
 	};
 }

@@ -123,6 +153,9 @@ async function persistSettings(config: AntiddosConfig): Promise<void> {
 		],
 		["antiddos_global_halt_ms", String(config.globalHaltMs)],
 		["antiddos_cfa_auto_block", config.cloudflareAutoBlock ? "1" : "0"],
+		["antiddos_cs_auto_block", config.crowdsecAutoBlock ? "1" : "0"],
+		["antiddos_cs_block_score", String(config.crowdsecBlockScore)],
+		["antiddos_cs_block_ttl", String(config.crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds)],
 	];
 	await Promise.all(
 		entries.map(([key, value]) =>
@@ -195,6 +228,7 @@ export async function unbanAntiddosIp(formData: FormData): Promise<void> {
 			await Promise.all([
 				redis.del(`antiddos:block:${ip}`),
 				redis.del(`antiddos:block:meta:${ip}`),
+				redis.del(`crowdsec:report:${ip}`),
 				redis.del(`antiddos:v:${ip}`),
 			]);
 		}
@@ -231,6 +265,32 @@ export async function removeCloudflareRule(formData: FormData): Promise<void> {
 	revalidatePath("/admin/devops/antiddos");
 }

+/** Test the configured CrowdSec API credentials against the CTI endpoint. */
+export async function verifyCrowdsecConfiguration(): Promise<void> {
+	const staff = await requirePermission(PERMS.SETTINGS_VIEW);
+	const status = await verifyCrowdsecConnection();
+	await setLastCrowdsecVerify(status);
+	logger.info("CrowdSec API configuration verified", {
+		staff: staff.username,
+		ok: status.ok,
+		message: status.message,
+	});
+	revalidatePath("/admin/devops/antiddos");
+}
+
+/** Test the CrowdSec signal-push (CAPI watcher) channel. */
+export async function verifyCrowdsecReportingConfiguration(): Promise<void> {
+	const staff = await requirePermission(PERMS.SETTINGS_VIEW);
+	const status = await verifyCrowdsecReporting();
+	await setLastCrowdsecReport(status);
+	logger.info("CrowdSec reporting configuration verified", {
+		staff: staff.username,
+		ok: status.ok,
+		message: status.message,
+	});
+	revalidatePath("/admin/devops/antiddos");
+}
+
 /** Test the configured Cloudflare API credentials against the zone. */
 export async function verifyCloudflareConfiguration(): Promise<void> {
 	const staff = await requirePermission(PERMS.SETTINGS_VIEW);
@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-import { BadgeCheck, Cloud, Lock, Server, ShieldAlert } from "lucide-react";
+import {
+	BadgeCheck,
+	Cloud,
+	Lock,
+	Radar,
+	Server,
+	ShieldAlert,
+} from "lucide-react";
 import { headers } from "next/headers";
 import { redirect } from "next/navigation";
 import {
@@ -7,6 +14,8 @@ import {
 	saveAntiddosSettings,
 	unbanAntiddosIp,
 	verifyCloudflareConfiguration,
+	verifyCrowdsecConfiguration,
+	verifyCrowdsecReportingConfiguration,
 } from "@/actions/admin-antiddos";
 import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
@@ -24,6 +33,19 @@ import {
 	listCloudflareBlocks,
 	sweepExpiredCloudflareBlocks,
 } from "@/lib/cloudflare-api";
+import {
+	CROWDSEC_BLOCK_SOURCE,
+	type CrowdsecBlockMeta,
+	crowdsecEnabled,
+	getCrowdsecBlockMeta,
+	getCrowdsecQuotaUsage,
+	getLastCrowdsecVerify,
+} from "@/lib/crowdsec-api";
+import {
+	crowdsecReportEnabled,
+	getLastCrowdsecReport,
+} from "@/lib/crowdsec-report";
+import { type CrowdsecDailyStat, getCrowdsecStats } from "@/lib/crowdsec-stats";
 import { db, WebsiteSetting } from "@/lib/db";
 import { canAccess, getAdminContext, PERMS } from "@/lib/permissions";
 import { redis } from "@/lib/redis";
@@ -36,6 +58,40 @@ function seconds(ttlMs: number): string {
 	return `${Math.floor(s / 3600)}h ${Math.floor((s % 3600) / 60)}m`;
 }

+function BarSparkline({ values }: { values: number[] }) {
+	if (values.length === 0) return null;
+	const max = Math.max(...values, 1);
+	return (
+		<div className="flex items-end gap-[3px] h-10" aria-hidden="true">
+			{values.map((v, i) => (
+				<div
+					// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noArrayIndexKey: static timeline position is the bar's identity
+					key={i}
+					className="w-full rounded-sm bg-primary/60"
+					style={{
+						height: `${Math.max(v > 0 ? 6 : 2, (v / max) * 100)}%`,
+						opacity: v === 0 ? 0.15 : 0.6 + (v / max) * 0.4,
+					}}
+				/>
+			))}
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+/** Merge per-day breakdown maps (categories / reputations) into range totals. */
+function mergeBreakdowns(
+	rows: CrowdsecDailyStat[],
+	kind: keyof Pick<CrowdsecDailyStat, "categories" | "reputations">,
+): Record<string, number> {
+	const totals: Record<string, number> = {};
+	for (const row of rows) {
+		for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(row[kind])) {
+			totals[k] = (totals[k] ?? 0) + v;
+		}
+	}
+	return totals;
+}
+
 export default async function AdminAntiDdosPage() {
 	const { session, permissions } = await getAdminContext();
 	if (!canAccess(permissions, PERMS.SETTINGS_VIEW, session.user.rank)) {
@@ -62,7 +118,8 @@ export default async function AdminAntiDdosPage() {
 		ip: string;
 		ttlMs: number;
 		count: number;
-		source: "gate";
+		source: "gate" | "crowdsec";
+		meta: CrowdsecBlockMeta | null;
 	}[] = [];
 	let redisOk = false;
 	const rateStore = redis;
@@ -83,13 +140,23 @@ export default async function AdminAntiDdosPage() {
 			}
 			const withTtl = await Promise.all(
 				blockKeys.slice(0, 100).map(async (key) => {
-					const ttlMs = await rateStore.pttl(key);
+					const [ttlMs, value] = await Promise.all([
+						rateStore.pttl(key),
+						rateStore.get(key),
+					]);
 					const ip = key.replace("antiddos:block:", "");
+					const source =
+						value === CROWDSEC_BLOCK_SOURCE
+							? ("crowdsec" as const)
+							: ("gate" as const);
 					return {
 						ip,
 						ttlMs: ttlMs > 0 ? ttlMs : 0,
 						count: violationCounts.get(ip) ?? 0,
-						source: "gate" as const,
+						// The gate writes "1"; "crowdsec" marks a community-reputation block.
+						source,
+						// Why CrowdSec blocked this IP, when the meta was recorded.
+						meta: source === "crowdsec" ? await getCrowdsecBlockMeta(ip) : null,
 					};
 				}),
 			);
@@ -110,6 +177,12 @@ export default async function AdminAntiDdosPage() {
 		cloudflareBlocks.push(...(await listCloudflareBlocks()));
 	}
 	const lastVerify = await getLastCloudflareVerify();
+	const crowdsecConfigured = crowdsecEnabled();
+	const lastCrowdsecVerify = await getLastCrowdsecVerify();
+	const crowdsecUsage = redisOk ? await getCrowdsecQuotaUsage() : null;
+	const reportingEnabled = await crowdsecReportEnabled();
+	const lastReport = await getLastCrowdsecReport();
+	const crowdsecStats = redisOk ? await getCrowdsecStats(14) : [];

 	return (
 		<div className="space-y-6">
@@ -164,6 +237,23 @@ export default async function AdminAntiDdosPage() {
 					</CardContent>
 				</Card>

+				<Card>
+					<CardHeader className="flex flex-row items-center justify-between space-y-0 pb-2">
+						<CardTitle className="text-sm font-medium">CrowdSec</CardTitle>
+						<Radar className="h-4 w-4 text-muted-foreground" />
+					</CardHeader>
+					<CardContent>
+						<Badge variant={crowdsecConfigured ? "default" : "secondary"}>
+							{crowdsecConfigured ? "Connected" : "Not configured"}
+						</Badge>
+						<p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mt-1">
+							{crowdsecUsage && crowdsecUsage.quota > 0
+								? `${crowdsecUsage.used.toLocaleString()} / ${crowdsecUsage.quota.toLocaleString()} CTI calls today${crowdsecUsage.exhausted ? " (paused)" : ""}`
+								: "Community reputation auto-block"}
+						</p>
+					</CardContent>
+				</Card>
+
 				<Card>
 					<CardHeader className="flex flex-row items-center justify-between space-y-0 pb-2">
 						<CardTitle className="text-sm font-medium">Active blocks</CardTitle>
@@ -261,6 +351,53 @@ export default async function AdminAntiDdosPage() {
 							block.
 						</p>

+						<label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm">
+							<input
+								type="checkbox"
+								name="cs_auto_block"
+								value="1"
+								defaultChecked={effective.crowdsecAutoBlock}
+							/>
+							Automatically block IPs flagged as malicious by the CrowdSec
+							community
+						</label>
+						<p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground -mt-2">
+							Requires <span className="font-mono">CROWDSEC_API_KEY</span> in
+							the environment. When a repeat offender has a bad community
+							reputation it is hard-blocked immediately (no need to cross the
+							local violation threshold). IPs carrying CrowdSec false-positive
+							tags are never blocked.
+						</p>
+						<div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-4">
+							<label className="block">
+								<span className="text-xs font-medium">
+									Minimum reputation score (0–5)
+								</span>
+								<input
+									name="cs_block_score"
+									type="number"
+									min={0}
+									max={5}
+									defaultValue={effective.crowdsecBlockScore}
+									className="w-24 mt-1"
+								/>
+								<span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground ml-2">
+									4–5 = malicious (CrowdSec scale)
+								</span>
+							</label>
+							<label className="block">
+								<span className="text-xs font-medium">
+									Block duration (sec)
+								</span>
+								<input
+									name="cs_block_ttl_sec"
+									type="number"
+									defaultValue={effective.crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds}
+									className="w-32 mt-1"
+								/>
+							</label>
+						</div>
+
 						<div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 md:grid-cols-3">
 							{(
 								[
@@ -403,6 +540,10 @@ export default async function AdminAntiDdosPage() {
 					) : (
 						<div className="space-y-2">
 							{blocks.map((b) => {
+								const behaviorLabel =
+									b.meta && b.meta.behaviors.length > 0
+										? b.meta.behaviors.join(", ")
+										: null;
 								return (
 									<div
 										key={b.ip}
@@ -410,8 +551,22 @@ export default async function AdminAntiDdosPage() {
 									>
 										<span className="font-mono">{b.ip}</span>
 										<span className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+											{b.source === "crowdsec" ? (
+												<Badge variant="default">CrowdSec</Badge>
+											) : (
 												<Badge variant="secondary">Gate</Badge>
+											)}
 											TTL {seconds(b.ttlMs)} · violations {b.count}
+											{b.meta && (
+												<span
+													className="max-w-xs truncate"
+													title={`${b.meta.reputation ?? "unknown"} · score ${b.meta.score} · ${b.meta.category}${behaviorLabel ? ` · ${behaviorLabel}` : ""}`}
+												>
+													{b.meta.reputation ?? "unknown"} · score{" "}
+													{b.meta.score} · {b.meta.category}
+													{behaviorLabel ? ` · ${behaviorLabel}` : ""}
+												</span>
+											)}
 										</span>
 										<form action={unbanAntiddosIp}>
 											<input type="hidden" name="ip" value={b.ip} />
@@ -505,6 +660,243 @@ export default async function AdminAntiDdosPage() {
 				</CardContent>
 			</Card>

+			<Card>
+				<CardHeader>
+					<CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+						<Radar className="h-4 w-4" /> CrowdSec reputation API
+					</CardTitle>
+				</CardHeader>
+				<CardContent className="space-y-4">
+					<div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-3">
+						<Badge variant={crowdsecConfigured ? "default" : "secondary"}>
+							{crowdsecConfigured ? "API configured" : "API not configured"}
+						</Badge>
+						{!crowdsecConfigured && (
+							<p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+								Set <span className="font-mono">CROWDSEC_API_KEY</span> to
+								enable community-reputation auto-blocks. When a repeat offender
+								is flagged as malicious by the CrowdSec community it is
+								hard-blocked immediately without waiting for the local violation
+								threshold.
+							</p>
+						)}
+						<form action={verifyCrowdsecConfiguration}>
+							<Button
+								type="submit"
+								size="sm"
+								variant="outline"
+								disabled={!crowdsecConfigured}
+							>
+								Verify connection
+							</Button>
+						</form>
+					</div>
+
+					{lastCrowdsecVerify && crowdsecConfigured && (
+						<p className="text-xs">
+							<Badge
+								variant={lastCrowdsecVerify.ok ? "default" : "destructive"}
+							>
+								{lastCrowdsecVerify.ok ? "Reachable" : "Failed"}
+							</Badge>
+							<span className="ml-2 text-muted-foreground">
+								{lastCrowdsecVerify.ok
+									? `CTI endpoint verified ${new Date(lastCrowdsecVerify.at).toLocaleString()}`
+									: lastCrowdsecVerify.message}
+							</span>
+						</p>
+					)}
+
+					{crowdsecConfigured && (
+						<p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+							Verdicts are looked up lazily for IPs that already triggered a
+							rate bucket (never on the per-request hot path), cached for an
+							hour, and blocked IPs show a{" "}
+							<Badge variant="default">CrowdSec</Badge> badge in the list above
+							with the community reasoning (reputation, score, behaviors).
+						</p>
+					)}
+
+					{crowdsecUsage && (
+						<div className="rounded-md border p-3">
+							<p className="text-xs font-medium mb-1">
+								Reputation lookups today
+							</p>
+							{crowdsecUsage.quota > 0 ? (
+								<>
+									<div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+										<div className="h-2 flex-1 overflow-hidden rounded-full bg-muted">
+											<div
+												className="h-full rounded-full"
+												style={{
+													width: `${Math.min(100, (crowdsecUsage.used / crowdsecUsage.quota) * 100)}%`,
+													background: crowdsecUsage.exhausted
+														? "var(--color-destructive)"
+														: crowdsecUsage.used >= crowdsecUsage.quota * 0.8
+															? "var(--admin-accent)"
+															: "var(--color-primary)",
+												}}
+											/>
+										</div>
+										<span
+											className={`text-xs ${crowdsecUsage.exhausted ? "text-destructive" : "text-muted-foreground"}`}
+										>
+											{crowdsecUsage.used.toLocaleString()} /{" "}
+											{crowdsecUsage.quota.toLocaleString()}
+										</span>
+									</div>
+									<p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mt-1">
+										{crowdsecUsage.exhausted
+											? "Quota spent for today — reputation lookups are paused until tomorrow (admin via CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA)."
+											: "Visible in the env via CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA (0 = unlimited). Lookups pause at the ceiling to protect the plan."}
+									</p>
+								</>
+							) : (
+								<p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+									Tracking disabled (CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA = 0 / unlimited).
+								</p>
+							)}
+						</div>
+					)}
+
+					{crowdsecStats.length > 0 && (
+						<div className="rounded-md border p-3">
+							<div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-2">
+								<p className="text-xs font-medium">
+									Daily activity (last {crowdsecStats.length} days)
+								</p>
+								<a
+									href="/admin/alerts"
+									className="text-xs text-muted-foreground underline-offset-2 hover:underline"
+								>
+									Ops alert history →
+								</a>
+							</div>
+							<div className="mt-2 grid gap-4 sm:grid-cols-3">
+								<BarSparkline values={crowdsecStats.map((row) => row.blocks)} />
+								<div className="col-span-2 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1.5">
+									{Object.entries(
+										mergeBreakdowns(crowdsecStats, "categories"),
+									).map(([category, count]) => (
+										<Badge key={category} variant="secondary">
+											{category} · {count.toLocaleString()}
+										</Badge>
+									))}
+									{Object.entries(
+										mergeBreakdowns(crowdsecStats, "reputations"),
+									).map(([reputation, count]) => (
+										<Badge
+											key={reputation}
+											variant={
+												reputation === "malicious" ? "destructive" : "secondary"
+											}
+										>
+											{reputation} · {count.toLocaleString()}
+										</Badge>
+									))}
+								</div>
+							</div>
+							<div className="mt-3 max-h-40 overflow-y-auto">
+								<table className="w-full text-xs">
+									<thead>
+										<tr className="text-left text-muted-foreground">
+											<th className="pb-1 pr-2 font-medium">Date</th>
+											<th className="pb-1 pr-2 font-medium text-right">
+												Lookups
+											</th>
+											<th className="pb-1 pr-2 font-medium text-right">
+												Blocks
+											</th>
+											<th className="pb-1 pr-2 font-medium text-right">
+												Reports
+											</th>
+											<th className="pb-1 font-medium text-right">Failures</th>
+										</tr>
+									</thead>
+									<tbody>
+										{crowdsecStats.map((row) => (
+											<tr key={row.date} className="border-t">
+												<td className="py-1 pr-2 text-muted-foreground">
+													{row.date === new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10)
+														? "Today"
+														: row.date.slice(5)}
+												</td>
+												<td className="py-1 pr-2 text-right">
+													{row.lookups.toLocaleString()}
+												</td>
+												<td className="py-1 pr-2 text-right">
+													{row.blocks.toLocaleString()}
+												</td>
+												<td className="py-1 pr-2 text-right">
+													{row.reports.toLocaleString()}
+												</td>
+												<td className="py-1 text-right">
+													{row.reportFailures > 0 ? (
+														<span className="text-destructive">
+															{row.reportFailures.toLocaleString()}
+														</span>
+													) : (
+														"–"
+													)}
+												</td>
+											</tr>
+										))}
+									</tbody>
+								</table>
+							</div>
+						</div>
+					)}
+
+					<div className="rounded-md border p-3">
+						<p className="text-xs font-medium mb-1">Community signal push</p>
+						<div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-3">
+							<Badge variant={reportingEnabled ? "default" : "secondary"}>
+								{reportingEnabled ? "Enabled" : "Off"}
+							</Badge>
+							{!reportingEnabled && (
+								<p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+									Set{" "}
+									<span className="font-mono">
+										CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED=true
+									</span>{" "}
+									to share blocked IPs back into the CrowdSec community
+									blocklist. Watcher credentials are auto-generated and
+									persisted in Redis.
+								</p>
+							)}
+							{reportingEnabled && (
+								<p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+									Blocked IPs are pushed to the Central API (deduped per IP) so
+									the community blocklist protects other members too.
+								</p>
+							)}
+							<form action={verifyCrowdsecReportingConfiguration}>
+								<Button
+									type="submit"
+									size="sm"
+									variant="outline"
+									disabled={!reportingEnabled}
+								>
+									Verify channel
+								</Button>
+							</form>
+						</div>
+						{lastReport && (
+							<p className="text-xs mt-2">
+								<Badge variant={lastReport.ok ? "default" : "destructive"}>
+									{lastReport.ok ? "Push healthy" : "Push failed"}
+								</Badge>
+								<span className="ml-2 text-muted-foreground">
+									{lastReport.ok
+										? `Last signal accepted ${new Date(lastReport.at).toLocaleString()}`
+										: `${lastReport.message ?? "unknown"} (${new Date(lastReport.at).toLocaleString()})`}
+								</span>
+							</p>
+						)}
+					</div>
+				</CardContent>
+			</Card>
+
 			{stored.size === 0 && (
 				<p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
 					Persisted site settings: none yet — the form values above reflect the
@@ -1,47 +1,266 @@
-import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeAll, afterAll, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { onlineManager, QueryObserver } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { delay, HttpResponse, http } from "msw";
 import { setupServer } from "msw/node";
-import { http, HttpResponse } from "msw";
-import { QueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
-import { furnitureJobsQueryOptions } from "./furniture-jobs-query";
+import {
+	afterAll,
+	afterEach,
+	beforeAll,
+	describe,
+	expect,
+	it,
+	vi,
+} from "vitest";
+import {
+	furnitureCursorFixture,
+	furnitureJobFixture,
+} from "@/test/furniture-jobs-fixtures";
+import {
+	createFurnitureJobsClient,
+	furnitureJobsQueryOptions,
+	readFurnitureJobResponse,
+} from "./furniture-jobs-query";

-let calls = 0;
-let release: (() => void) | null = null;
-
-// Cast to any to bypass strict MSW v3 config types in the test environment
-const server = setupServer(
-  http.get("https://localhost/api/admin/studio/furniture/jobs", async () => {
-    calls++;
-    if (release) await new Promise<void>((resolve) => { release = resolve; });
-    return HttpResponse.json({ jobs: [], nextCursor: null });
-  })
-);
-
-beforeAll(() => server.listen({ onUnhandledRequest: "bypass" } as any));
-afterEach(() => {
-  calls = 0;
-  release = null;
+const endpoint = "http://localhost/api/admin/studio/import-jobs";
+const server = setupServer();
+const clients: ReturnType<typeof createFurnitureJobsClient>[] = [];
+function client() {
+	const value = createFurnitureJobsClient();
+	clients.push(value);
+	return value;
+}
+beforeAll(() => server.listen({ onUnhandledRequest: "error" }));
+afterEach(async () => {
+	await Promise.all(
+		clients.map(async (value) => {
+			await value.cancelQueries();
+			value.clear();
+		}),
+	);
+	clients.length = 0;
 	server.resetHandlers();
 });
-afterAll(() => {
-  try { server.close(); } catch (e) {}
-});
-
+afterAll(() => server.close());
 describe("furniture history HTTP query", () => {
-  const client = () => new QueryClient({ defaultOptions: { queries: { retry: false } } });
-
 	it("deduplicates simultaneous refreshes and caches their validated result", async () => {
+		let calls = 0;
+		let release: (() => void) | undefined;
+		server.use(
+			http.get(endpoint, async () => {
+				calls++;
+				await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+					release = resolve;
+				});
+				return HttpResponse.json({
+					ok: true,
+					jobs: [furnitureJobFixture],
+					nextCursor: furnitureCursorFixture,
+				});
+			}),
+		);
 		const cache = client();
-    // Use type assertions to allow the test to manipulate options freely
-    const options = furnitureJobsQueryOptions(false, null) as any;
-    options.queryKey = ["furniture-import-history", false, null];
-    options.queryFn = () => fetch("https://localhost/api/admin/studio/furniture/jobs").then(r => r.json());
-
+		const options = furnitureJobsQueryOptions(true, null);
 		const first = cache.fetchQuery(options);
 		const second = cache.fetchQuery(options);
-    
 		await vi.waitFor(() => expect(calls).toBe(1));
-    if (release) release();
-    
-    await Promise.all([first, second]);
+		release?.();
+		const [a, b] = await Promise.all([first, second]);
+		expect(a).toEqual(b);
+		expect(a.jobs[0].id).toBe(furnitureJobFixture.id);
+		expect(cache.getQueryData(options.queryKey)).toEqual(a);
+	});
+	it("keeps different pages and mounted history clients isolated", async () => {
+		const urls: string[] = [];
+		server.use(
+			http.get(endpoint, ({ request }) => {
+				urls.push(request.url);
+				return HttpResponse.json({ ok: true, jobs: [], nextCursor: null });
+			}),
+		);
+		const first = client(),
+			second = client();
+		await first.fetchQuery(furnitureJobsQueryOptions(true, null));
+		await first.fetchQuery(
+			furnitureJobsQueryOptions(true, furnitureCursorFixture),
+		);
+		await second.fetchQuery(furnitureJobsQueryOptions(true, null));
+		expect(urls).toHaveLength(3);
+		expect(new URL(urls[1]).searchParams.get("before")).toBe(
+			furnitureCursorFixture,
+		);
+		first.clear();
+		expect(
+			second.getQueryData(furnitureJobsQueryOptions(true, null).queryKey),
+		).toEqual({ jobs: [], nextCursor: null });
+	});
+	it.each([403, 500])(
+		"surfaces HTTP %i without automatic retries or a false empty result",
+		async (status) => {
+			let calls = 0;
+			server.use(
+				http.get(endpoint, () => {
+					calls++;
+					return HttpResponse.json(
+						{ error: "History unavailable" },
+						{ status },
+					);
+				}),
+			);
+			const cache = client(),
+				options = furnitureJobsQueryOptions(false, null);
+			await expect(cache.fetchQuery(options)).rejects.toMatchObject({
+				status,
+				message: "History unavailable",
+			});
+			expect(calls).toBe(1);
+			expect(cache.getQueryData(options.queryKey)).toBeUndefined();
+		},
+	);
+	it.each([
+		{ ok: true, jobs: null },
+		{ ok: true, jobs: [{ ...furnitureJobFixture, state: "invented" }] },
+		{
+			ok: true,
+			jobs: [
+				{
+					...furnitureJobFixture,
+					items: [{ ...furnitureJobFixture.items[0], state: "unknown" }],
+				},
+			],
+		},
+		{ ok: true, jobs: [{ ...furnitureJobFixture, createdAt: "not a date" }] },
+		{ ok: true, jobs: [], nextCursor: "../other-account" },
+		{
+			ok: true,
+			jobs: [],
+			nextCursor:
+				"2030-99-99T25:61:61.000Z|aaaaaaaa-aaaa-4aaa-8aaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa",
+		},
+	])("rejects malformed successful payloads", async (payload) => {
+		server.use(http.get(endpoint, () => HttpResponse.json(payload)));
+		const cache = client(),
+			options = furnitureJobsQueryOptions(false, null);
+		await expect(cache.fetchQuery(options)).rejects.toThrow(
+			"Invalid import history response",
+		);
+		expect(cache.getQueryData(options.queryKey)).toBeUndefined();
+	});
+	it("reports invalid JSON as a transport failure", async () => {
+		server.use(
+			http.get(
+				endpoint,
+				() => new HttpResponse("<html>unexpected</html>", { status: 200 }),
+			),
+		);
+		await expect(
+			client().fetchQuery(furnitureJobsQueryOptions(false, null)),
+		).rejects.toThrow("Invalid import history response");
+	});
+	it("times out a stalled HTTP request without retries", async () => {
+		let calls = 0;
+		server.use(
+			http.get(endpoint, async () => {
+				calls++;
+				await delay(100);
+				return HttpResponse.json({ ok: true, jobs: [] });
+			}),
+		);
+		await expect(
+			client().fetchQuery(furnitureJobsQueryOptions(false, null, 10)),
+		).rejects.toThrow("Import history request timed out");
+		expect(calls).toBe(1);
+	});
+	it("aborts a cancelled request without replacing cache data with an empty result", async () => {
+		let entered = false;
+		let transportAborted = false;
+		server.use(
+			http.get(endpoint, async ({ request }) => {
+				request.signal.addEventListener("abort", () => {
+					transportAborted = true;
+				});
+				entered = true;
+				await delay(100);
+				return HttpResponse.json({ ok: true, jobs: [] });
+			}),
+		);
+		const cache = client(),
+			options = furnitureJobsQueryOptions(false, null);
+		const pending = cache.fetchQuery(options);
+		const rejection = expect(pending).rejects.toThrow();
+		await vi.waitFor(() => expect(entered).toBe(true));
+		await cache.cancelQueries({ queryKey: options.queryKey });
+		await rejection;
+		await vi.waitFor(() => expect(transportAborted).toBe(true));
+		expect(cache.getQueryData(options.queryKey)).toBeUndefined();
 	});
 });
+
+describe("history refresh and mutation response integrity", () => {
+	it("retains the last valid page while a refresh fails", async () => {
+		server.use(
+			http.get(endpoint, () =>
+				HttpResponse.json({ ok: true, jobs: [furnitureJobFixture] }),
+			),
+		);
+		const cache = client(),
+			options = furnitureJobsQueryOptions(false, null);
+		const observer = new QueryObserver(cache, { ...options, enabled: false });
+		const unsubscribe = observer.subscribe(() => {});
+		try {
+			await cache.fetchQuery(options);
+			server.use(
+				http.get(endpoint, () =>
+					HttpResponse.json({ error: "offline" }, { status: 500 }),
+				),
+			);
+			await expect(cache.fetchQuery(options)).rejects.toThrow("offline");
+			expect(observer.getCurrentResult().data?.jobs[0].id).toBe(
+				furnitureJobFixture.id,
+			);
+			expect(observer.getCurrentResult().error?.message).toBe("offline");
+		} finally {
+			unsubscribe();
+		}
+	});
+	it("rejects malformed successful mutation responses rather than storing an undefined job", async () => {
+		server.use(
+			http.patch(endpoint, () =>
+				HttpResponse.json({ ok: true, job: { id: furnitureJobFixture.id } }),
+			),
+		);
+		const response = await fetch(endpoint, { method: "PATCH" });
+		await expect(
+			readFurnitureJobResponse(response, "Update failed"),
+		).rejects.toThrow("Invalid import job response");
+	});
+	it("reports mutation HTTP failure without issuing a second write", async () => {
+		let calls = 0;
+		server.use(
+			http.post(endpoint, () => {
+				calls++;
+				return HttpResponse.json(
+					{ error: "Queue unavailable" },
+					{ status: 500 },
+				);
+			}),
+		);
+		const response = await fetch(endpoint, { method: "POST" });
+		await expect(
+			readFurnitureJobResponse(response, "Queue failed"),
+		).rejects.toMatchObject({ status: 500, message: "Queue unavailable" });
+		expect(calls).toBe(1);
+	});
+});
+
+it("does not park manual refresh indefinitely behind a global offline signal", async () => {
+	server.use(
+		http.get(endpoint, () => HttpResponse.json({ ok: true, jobs: [] })),
+	);
+	onlineManager.setOnline(false);
+	try {
+		await expect(
+			client().fetchQuery(furnitureJobsQueryOptions(false, null)),
+		).resolves.toEqual({ jobs: [], nextCursor: null });
+	} finally {
+		onlineManager.setOnline(true);
+	}
+});
@@ -148,6 +148,80 @@ const schema = z
 			.string()
 			.optional()
 			.transform((value) => value !== "false" && value !== "0"),
+		// CrowdSec API — optional. When the CTI API key is set, the anti-DDoS
+		// gate consults the community reputation of repeat offenders (CTI
+		// GET /smoke/{ip}) and hard-blocks known-bad IPs immediately. Like the
+		// Cloudflare token, the key lives in env only and is never written into
+		// the admin-visible config. Free/community key: app.crowdsec.net →
+		// Settings → CTI API Keys.
+		CROWDSEC_API_KEY: z.string().optional(),
+		// Reputation lookup (CTI) endpoint; overridden for tests/staging.
+		CROWDSEC_CTI_BASE_URL: z
+			.string()
+			.url()
+			.default("https://cti.api.crowdsec.net/v2"),
+		// Boot default for the runtime "auto-block from CrowdSec reputation"
+		// toggle (overridable via the admin panel / antiddos:config).
+		CROWDSEC_AUTO_BLOCK_ENABLED: z
+			.string()
+			.optional()
+			.transform((value) => value !== "false" && value !== "0"),
+		// Minimum malevolence score (CrowdSec scores are 0-5; 4-5 maps to
+		// "malicious") an IP must reach before the gate treats it as known-bad.
+		// An IP the community already labels "malicious" is always blocked,
+		// unless it carries false-positive classification tags.
+		CROWDSEC_BLOCK_SCORE: z.coerce.number().int().min(0).max(5).default(4),
+		// How long a CrowdSec-confirmed bad IP stays blocked by the gate.
+		CROWDSEC_BLOCK_TTL_SECONDS: z.coerce
+			.number()
+			.int()
+			.positive()
+			.default(86_400),
+		// Daily CTI enrichment quota guard (freemium plan ≈ 10k lookups/day).
+		// The gate stops consulting the API once the counter for today exceeds
+		// it, so a spread DDoS can never silently burn the whole quota; 0
+		// disables the guard.
+		CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA: z.coerce.number().int().min(0).default(10_000),
+		// How many new community-reputation blocks within a 5-minute window
+		// justify an ops alert (cooldown-gated via HEALTH_ALERT_COOLDOWN_MIN).
+		CROWDSEC_ALERT_BLOCK_BURST: z.coerce.number().int().min(1).default(10),
+		// Share our own detections back into the CrowdSec community blocklist
+		// (signal push over the Central API). Opt-in: flipping this on publicly
+		// shares blocked IPs + behaviors, so it defaults to off.
+		CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED: z
+			.string()
+			.optional()
+			.transform((value) => value === "true" || value === "1"),
+		// Central API (CAPI) base endpoint; overridden for tests/staging.
+		CROWDSEC_CAPI_BASE_URL: z
+			.string()
+			.url()
+			.default("https://api.crowdsec.net/v3"),
+		// Local CrowdSec engine shipped as an opt-in Docker stack in
+		// deployment/crowdsec. When enabled, the anti-DDoS gate asks the local
+		// LAPI (bouncer) for each client IP before its own buckets and blocks
+		// ban/captcha decisions immediately. The key lives in env only.
+		CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED: z
+			.string()
+			.optional()
+			.transform((value) => value === "true" || value === "1"),
+		CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL: z
+			.string()
+			.optional()
+			.transform((value) =>
+				value?.trim() ? value.trim() : "http://127.0.0.1:18080",
+			)
+			.pipe(z.string().url()),
+		CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY: z.string().optional(),
+		CROWDSEC_LAPI_TIMEOUT_MS: z.coerce.number().int().positive().default(500),
+		// Watcher credentials for signal push. When omitted, a stable pair is
+		// generated once and persisted in Redis (48-char alnum machine id,
+		// per the CAPI schema).
+		CROWDSEC_REPORT_MACHINE_ID: z.string().optional(),
+		CROWDSEC_REPORT_PASSWORD: z.string().optional(),
+		// Optional attachment key from the CrowdSec Console — links our
+		// watcher to your account so pushed signals show up there.
+		CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENROLL_KEY: z.string().optional(),
 	})
 	.superRefine((data, ctx) => {
 		if (data.NODE_ENV !== "production") return;
@@ -175,6 +249,14 @@ const schema = z
 				path: ["PAYPAL_CLIENT_ID"],
 			});
 		}
+		if (data.CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED && !data.CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY) {
+			ctx.addIssue({
+				code: "custom",
+				message:
+					"CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY is required when CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED=true",
+				path: ["CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY"],
+			});
+		}
 	});

 type Env = z.infer<typeof schema>;
@@ -217,9 +217,8 @@ function readFlatFromMemory(
 	}
 	const pageMap = new Map(rows.map((row) => [toInt(row.id), row]));
 	const depths = new Map<number, number>();
-	const visitingGlobal = new Set<number>();

-	function depth(id: number, visiting = visitingGlobal): number {
+	function depth(id: number, visiting = new Set<number>()): number {
 		const cached = depths.get(id);
 		if (cached !== undefined) return cached;
 		// Messy imports can leave a parent chain looping; stop rather than recurse.
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ export interface AntiddosConfig {
 	blockTiers: AntiddosBlockTier[];
 	globalHaltMs: number;
 	cloudflareAutoBlock: boolean;
+	crowdsecAutoBlock: boolean;
+	/** Minimum CrowdSec malevolence score (0-5) treated as known-bad. */
+	crowdsecBlockScore: number;
+	/** How long a CrowdSec-confirmed bad IP stays blocked by the gate. */
+	crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds: number;
 }

 const DEFAULT_CONFIG: AntiddosConfig = {
@@ -41,6 +46,9 @@ const DEFAULT_CONFIG: AntiddosConfig = {
 	],
 	globalHaltMs: 10_000,
 	cloudflareAutoBlock: true,
+	crowdsecAutoBlock: true,
+	crowdsecBlockScore: 4,
+	crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds: 86_400,
 };

 function positiveInt(value: number | undefined, fallback: number): number {
@@ -49,6 +57,17 @@ function positiveInt(value: number | undefined, fallback: number): number {
 	return Math.floor(n);
 }

+function clampInt(
+	value: number | undefined,
+	fallback: number,
+	min: number,
+	max: number,
+): number {
+	const n = Number(value);
+	if (!Number.isFinite(n)) return fallback;
+	return Math.min(max, Math.max(min, Math.floor(n)));
+}
+
 function parseTiers(raw: string | undefined): AntiddosBlockTier[] | null {
 	if (!raw?.trim()) return null;
 	const tiers: AntiddosBlockTier[] = [];
@@ -125,6 +144,17 @@ export function antiddosDefaultsFromEnv(): AntiddosConfig {
 			DEFAULT_CONFIG.globalHaltMs,
 		),
 		cloudflareAutoBlock: isTruthyFlag(env.CLOUDFLARE_AUTO_BLOCK_ENABLED),
+		crowdsecAutoBlock: isTruthyFlag(env.CROWDSEC_AUTO_BLOCK_ENABLED),
+		crowdsecBlockScore: clampInt(
+			env.CROWDSEC_BLOCK_SCORE,
+			DEFAULT_CONFIG.crowdsecBlockScore,
+			0,
+			5,
+		),
+		crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds: positiveInt(
+			env.CROWDSEC_BLOCK_TTL_SECONDS,
+			DEFAULT_CONFIG.crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds,
+		),
 	};
 }

@@ -167,6 +197,17 @@ function sanitize(config: AntiddosConfig): AntiddosConfig {
 				: base.blockTiers,
 		globalHaltMs: positiveInt(config?.globalHaltMs, base.globalHaltMs),
 		cloudflareAutoBlock: config?.cloudflareAutoBlock !== false,
+		crowdsecAutoBlock: config?.crowdsecAutoBlock !== false,
+		crowdsecBlockScore: clampInt(
+			config?.crowdsecBlockScore,
+			base.crowdsecBlockScore,
+			0,
+			5,
+		),
+		crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds: positiveInt(
+			config?.crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds,
+			base.crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds,
+		),
 	};
 }

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ function snapshot(): Record<string, CacheKeyStats> {
 }

 async function flush(): Promise<void> {
-	if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "test" || redis?.status !== "ready") return;
+	if (redis?.status !== "ready") return;
 	try {
 		await redis.setex(
 			REDIS_KEY,
@@ -127,11 +127,9 @@ export async function readCacheStats(): Promise<CacheStatsReport> {
 				shared = true;
 			}
 		} catch (error) {
-			if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== "test") {
 			logger.warn("[cache] stats unavailable", { error: String(error) });
 		}
 	}
-	}

 	const totals = empty();
 	for (const value of Object.values(keys)) {
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ describe("cached (memory-only, no Redis)", () => {
 		// key survives even though it was inserted first by a long way.
 		for (let i = 0; i < 2_100; i++) {
 			await cached(hotKey, 60_000, hot);
-			await cached(`churn-${i}`, 60_000, cold);
+			await cached(`churn-${i}-${Math.random()}`, 60_000, cold);
 		}

 		expect(hot).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
@@ -99,10 +99,10 @@ function setMemory(key: string, entry: CacheEntry): void {
 		if (memory.size >= MAX_MEMORY_ENTRIES) {
 			// Map iteration order is insertion order and getMemory() re-inserts
 			// on every read, so the first key is the least recently used.
-			for (const lruKey of memory.keys()) {
-				memory.delete(lruKey);
-				recordCacheOutcome(lruKey, "evicted");
-				break;
+			const lru = memory.keys().next().value;
+			if (lru !== undefined) {
+				memory.delete(lru);
+				recordCacheOutcome(lru, "evicted");
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -128,14 +128,12 @@ function getMemory(key: string): CacheEntry | undefined {
 	return entry;
 }

-/** Deterministic TTL - no random jitter to prevent unpredictable drops. */
+/** `setex` with a little jitter so keys written together do not expire together. */
 function redisTtlSeconds(ttlSec: number): number {
-	return ttlSec;
+	const jitter = Math.min(5, Math.floor(ttlSec * 0.1));
+	return ttlSec + Math.floor(Math.random() * (jitter + 1));
 }

-// Deduplication: track promised values to prevent double caching/computation
-const computationPromises = new Map<string, Promise<unknown>>();
-
 // A wrong REDIS_URL or a Redis outage does not fail visibly: the cache keeps
 // answering from memory and every instance quietly stops sharing. Say so once.
 let warnedSharedCacheDown = false;
@@ -199,13 +197,6 @@ export async function cached<T>(
 		return (await pending) as T;
 	}

-	// Check for existing computation promise to avoid duplicate work
-	const existingPromise = computationPromises.get(key);
-	if (existingPromise) {
-		recordCacheOutcome(key, "miss");
-		return existingPromise as Promise<T>;
-	}
-
 	recordCacheOutcome(key, "miss");
 	return refresh(key, ttlMs, staleMs, fn);
 }
@@ -222,8 +213,8 @@ function refresh<T>(
 ): Promise<T> {
 	const generation = generations.get(key) ?? 0;
 	const compute = (async (): Promise<T> => {
-		// Redis path (shared across instances) - skip during tests for speed/stability
-		if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== "test" && redis && redis.status !== "end") {
+		// Redis path (shared across instances).
+		if (redis && redis.status !== "end") {
 			try {
 				const raw = await redis.get(key);
 				if (raw !== null && raw !== undefined) {
@@ -234,7 +225,7 @@ function refresh<T>(
 			} catch {
 				/* fall through to fn */
 			}
-		} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== "test") {
+		} else {
 			warnIfSharedCacheDown();
 		}

@@ -246,10 +237,13 @@ function refresh<T>(
 		// An invalidation landed while `fn()` was running: keep the value out of
 		// the cache so the next read recomputes instead of resurrecting stale data.
 		if ((generations.get(key) ?? 0) === generation) {
-			if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== "test" && redis && redis.status !== "end") {
+			if (redis && redis.status !== "end") {
 				try {
-					const ttlSec = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(ttlMs / 1000));
-					await redis.setex(key, redisTtlSeconds(ttlSec), JSON.stringify(data));
+					await redis.setex(
+						key,
+						redisTtlSeconds(Math.ceil(ttlMs / 1000)),
+						JSON.stringify(data),
+					);
 				} catch {
 					/* non-critical: memory cache still works */
 				}
@@ -261,11 +255,9 @@ function refresh<T>(
 		return data;
 	})().finally(() => {
 		inFlight.delete(key);
-		computationPromises.delete(key);
 	});

 	inFlight.set(key, compute);
-	computationPromises.set(key, compute);
 	return compute;
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import "server-only";
+
+import { env } from "@/env";
+import { logger } from "@/lib/logger";
+import { redis } from "@/lib/redis";
+import { type SendAlertInput, sendAlert } from "@/lib/services/alert";
+
+// === CrowdSec operational alerts ===========================================
+//
+// Thin, fire-and-forget wrapper around the app's alert service for the
+// reputation pipeline. Every raise is cooldown-gated through a Redis NX lock
+// (key crowdsec:alert:{key}, TTL = HEALTH_ALERT_COOLDOWN_MIN), so N instances
+// and flapping conditions surface exactly one alert per window instead of
+// spamming Discord/email/alert_logs. Falls back to alerting anyway when Redis
+// is unreachable — a silent quota blowout is worse than one duplicate alert.
+
+const ALERT_PREFIX = "crowdsec:alert:";
+
+function cooldownSeconds(): number {
+	const raw = Number(env.HEALTH_ALERT_COOLDOWN_MIN ?? 15);
+	return Math.ceil((Number.isFinite(raw) && raw > 0 ? raw : 15) * 60);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Raise an alert unless the cooldown window is still active. Returns the
+ * sendAlert promise when the alert was actually raised, or false when it was
+ * suppressed. Never throws; the caller may `void` the result on hot paths.
+ */
+export async function raiseCrowdsecAlert(
+	key: string,
+	input: {
+		type?: string;
+		severity: SendAlertInput["severity"];
+		message: string;
+		context?: SendAlertInput["context"];
+	},
+): Promise<false | Awaited<ReturnType<typeof sendAlert>>> {
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			const acquired = await redis.set(
+				`${ALERT_PREFIX}${key}`,
+				String(Date.now()),
+				"EX",
+				cooldownSeconds(),
+				"NX",
+			);
+			if (acquired !== "OK") return false;
+		} catch {
+			// Cooldown bookkeeping failed — alert anyway rather than silently drop.
+		}
+	}
+	try {
+		return await sendAlert({
+			type: "ddos",
+			severity: input.severity,
+			message: input.message,
+			context: input.context,
+		});
+	} catch (error) {
+		logger.error("[crowdsec-alert] sendAlert raised an unexpected error", {
+			key,
+			err: error,
+		});
+		return false;
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,798 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import {
+	type CrowdsecVerdict,
+	crowdsecEnabled,
+	getCrowdsecApiConfig,
+	getCrowdsecBlockMeta,
+	getCrowdsecQuotaUsage,
+	getLastCrowdsecVerify,
+	getMemoryVerdictCacheSize,
+	lookupCrowdsecVerdict,
+	maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec,
+	resetCrowdsecCache,
+	setLastCrowdsecVerify,
+	verdictIsMalicious,
+	verifyCrowdsecConnection,
+} from "./crowdsec-api";
+import { type CrowdsecDailyStat, getCrowdsecStats } from "./crowdsec-stats";
+
+// Unit-test the CTI client in isolation: a deterministic in-memory Redis fake
+// and a silenced logger, so fetch calls count only CrowdSec lookups. CrowdSec
+// deliberately never touches Cloudflare, so no Cloudflare surface is stubbed.
+const state = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+	map: new Map<string, string>(),
+	z: new Map<string, Array<[number, string]>>(),
+	sendAlert: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/services/alert", () => ({
+	sendAlert: state.sendAlert,
+	ddosDetected: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/redis", () => ({
+	redis: {
+		get: async (key: string) => state.map.get(key) ?? null,
+		set: async (
+			key: string,
+			value: string,
+			_mode?: string,
+			_seconds?: number,
+			nx?: string,
+		) => {
+			if (nx === "NX" && state.map.has(key)) return null;
+			state.map.set(key, value);
+			return "OK";
+		},
+		del: async (...keys: string[]) => {
+			for (const key of keys) state.map.delete(key);
+			return keys.length;
+		},
+		incr: async (key: string) => {
+			const next = (Number(state.map.get(key)) || 0) + 1;
+			state.map.set(key, String(next));
+			return next;
+		},
+		decr: async (key: string) => {
+			const next = (Number(state.map.get(key)) || 0) - 1;
+			state.map.set(key, String(next));
+			return next;
+		},
+		expire: async () => 1,
+		pttl: async () => 60_000,
+		zadd: async (key: string, score: number, member: string) => {
+			const list = state.z.get(key) ?? [];
+			list.push([score, member]);
+			list.sort((a, b) => a[0] - b[0]);
+			state.z.set(key, list);
+			return 1;
+		},
+		zremrangebyscore: async (key: string, min: number, max: number) => {
+			const list = (state.z.get(key) ?? []).filter(
+				([score]) => score < min || score > max,
+			);
+			state.z.set(key, list);
+			return 1;
+		},
+		zcard: async (key: string) => (state.z.get(key) ?? []).length,
+	},
+	__esModule: true,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/logger", () => ({
+	logger: {
+		info: vi.fn(),
+		warn: vi.fn(),
+		error: vi.fn(),
+		debug: vi.fn(),
+	},
+}));
+
+const tick = () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
+
+function jsonResponse(body: unknown, status = 200): Response {
+	return new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
+		status,
+		headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+	});
+}
+
+function maliciousItem(ip: string, score = 5): unknown {
+	return {
+		ip,
+		reputation: "malicious",
+		confidence: "0.95",
+		scores: { overall: { aggressiveness: 4, total: score } },
+		behaviors: [{ name: "http:bruteforce" }, { name: "http:scan" }],
+		classifications: { false_positives: [] },
+	};
+}
+
+function suspiciousItem(ip: string, score: number): unknown {
+	return {
+		ip,
+		reputation: "suspicious",
+		scores: { overall: { total: score } },
+	};
+}
+
+function verdict(minimal: Partial<CrowdsecVerdict> = {}): CrowdsecVerdict {
+	return {
+		ip: "198.51.100.1",
+		reputation: "suspicious",
+		score: 3,
+		aggressiveness: 0,
+		confidence: null,
+		behaviors: [],
+		falsePositive: false,
+		checkedAt: Date.now(),
+		...minimal,
+	};
+}
+
+function blockIp(): string {
+	return "198.51.100.1";
+}
+
+describe("crowdsec-api", () => {
+	let fetchMock: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+		vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+		state.map.clear();
+		state.z.clear();
+		state.sendAlert.mockReset();
+		resetCrowdsecCache();
+		fetchMock = vi.fn();
+		vi.stubGlobal("fetch", fetchMock);
+	});
+
+	afterEach(() => {
+		vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+		vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+		state.map.clear();
+		resetCrowdsecCache();
+		vi.restoreAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	it("is enabled only when a non-blank API key is configured", () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_CTI_BASE_URL", "https://cti.example.test");
+		expect(crowdsecEnabled()).toBe(true);
+		expect(getCrowdsecApiConfig().apiKey).toBe("cs_key");
+		expect(getCrowdsecApiConfig().baseUrl).toBe("https://cti.example.test");
+
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "  ");
+		expect(crowdsecEnabled()).toBe(false);
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_CTI_BASE_URL", "");
+		expect(getCrowdsecApiConfig().baseUrl).toBe(
+			"https://cti.api.crowdsec.net/v2",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("blocks malicious reputations at any threshold", () => {
+		expect(
+			verdictIsMalicious(verdict({ reputation: "malicious", score: 0 }), 5),
+		).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it("never blocks safe or benign reputations", () => {
+		expect(verdictIsMalicious(verdict({ reputation: "safe" }), 0)).toBe(false);
+		expect(verdictIsMalicious(verdict({ reputation: "benign" }), 1)).toBe(
+			false,
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("vetoes a false-positive tag even for a malicious reputation", () => {
+		expect(
+			verdictIsMalicious(
+				verdict({ reputation: "malicious", score: 5, falsePositive: true }),
+				4,
+			),
+		).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it("applies the score threshold to suspicious/known attackers", () => {
+		const v4 = verdict({ reputation: "suspicious", score: 4 });
+		expect(verdictIsMalicious(v4, 4)).toBe(true);
+		expect(verdictIsMalicious(v4, 5)).toBe(false);
+		expect(verdictIsMalicious(verdict({ score: 3 }), 4)).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it("never blocks score-0 (unknown) IPs even at threshold 0", () => {
+		expect(
+			verdictIsMalicious(verdict({ score: 0, reputation: "unknown" }), 0),
+		).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it("does nothing without an API key", async () => {
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("does nothing when the runtime toggle is off", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: false,
+		});
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("never consults CrowdSec for the unknown-IP sentinel", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "0.0.0.0",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("hard-blocks a malicious IP in the shared gate key only", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse(maliciousItem(blockIp())));
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 86_400,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+
+		expect(state.map.get(`antiddos:block:${blockIp()}`)).toBe("crowdsec");
+		// No Cloudflare keys may ever be written by CrowdSec.
+		expect(
+			[...state.map.keys()].some((key) => key.includes("cloudflare")),
+		).toBe(false);
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		const [url, init] = fetchMock.mock.calls[0];
+		expect(String(url)).toContain(`/smoke/${blockIp()}`);
+		expect((init.headers as Record<string, string>)["x-api-key"]).toBe(
+			"cs_key",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("does not block an IP the community knows nothing about", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse({}, 404));
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+
+		expect(state.map.has(`antiddos:block:${blockIp()}`)).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it("respects a custom score threshold", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse(suspiciousItem(blockIp(), 3)));
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		expect(state.map.has(`antiddos:block:${blockIp()}`)).toBe(false);
+
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse(suspiciousItem(blockIp(), 3)));
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 3,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		expect(state.map.get(`antiddos:block:${blockIp()}`)).toBe("crowdsec");
+	});
+
+	it("dedupes concurrent lookups into a single API call", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse(maliciousItem(blockIp())));
+
+		await Promise.all([
+			maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+				ip: blockIp(),
+				category: "api",
+				ttlSeconds: 600,
+				scoreThreshold: 4,
+				enabled: true,
+			}),
+			maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+				ip: blockIp(),
+				category: "api",
+				ttlSeconds: 600,
+				scoreThreshold: 4,
+				enabled: true,
+			}),
+		]);
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+
+	it("reuses the Redis verdict cache for repeat offenders", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse(maliciousItem(blockIp())));
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < 3; i += 1) {
+			await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+				ip: blockIp(),
+				category: "api",
+				ttlSeconds: 600,
+				scoreThreshold: 4,
+				enabled: true,
+			});
+		}
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+
+	it("never shortens an existing longer host block", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse(maliciousItem(blockIp())));
+
+		state.map.set(`antiddos:block:${blockIp()}`, "1");
+		const redis = (await import("@/lib/redis")).redis;
+		vi.spyOn(redis as NonNullable<typeof redis>, "pttl").mockImplementation(
+			async () => 86_400_000,
+		);
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+
+		expect(state.map.get(`antiddos:block:${blockIp()}`)).toBe("1");
+	});
+
+	it("backs off after a 403 so it stops hammering a rejected key", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse({ message: "Invalid key" }, 403));
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "203.0.113.9",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+
+	it("publishes the backoff to shared Redis so every instance respects it", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse({ message: "Invalid key" }, 403));
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		// The shared marker exists and points into the future.
+		const until = Number(state.map.get("crowdsec:backoff-until"));
+		expect(Number.isFinite(until)).toBe(true);
+		expect(until).toBeGreaterThan(Date.now());
+
+		// A fresh instance (reset in-process state) still honours the marker.
+		resetCrowdsecCache();
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "203.0.113.44",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+
+	it("backs off after a 429 rate limit as well", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse({ message: "rate limited" }, 429));
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.2",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+
+	it("raises a critical ops alert when the CTI key is rejected (403)", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse({ message: "Invalid key" }, 403));
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await tick();
+		expect(state.sendAlert).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		const [input] = state.sendAlert.mock.calls[0];
+		expect(input.type).toBe("ddos");
+		expect(input.severity).toBe("critical");
+		expect(input.message).toContain("403");
+		expect(input.message).toContain("CROWDSEC_API_KEY");
+		expect(input.context).toMatchObject({ status: 403 });
+	});
+
+	it("raises a warning ops alert when the CTI rate limit is hit (429)", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse({ message: "rate limited" }, 429));
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await tick();
+		expect(state.sendAlert).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		const [input] = state.sendAlert.mock.calls[0];
+		expect(input.type).toBe("ddos");
+		expect(input.severity).toBe("warning");
+		expect(input.message).toContain("rate limited");
+		expect(input.context).toMatchObject({ status: 429 });
+	});
+
+	it("swallows API failures instead of throwing on the hot path", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse({ message: "boom" }, 500));
+
+		await expect(
+			maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+				ip: blockIp(),
+				category: "api",
+				ttlSeconds: 600,
+				scoreThreshold: 4,
+				enabled: true,
+			}),
+		).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+		expect(state.map.has(`antiddos:block:${blockIp()}`)).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it("reports a missing credential without calling the API", async () => {
+		const status = await verifyCrowdsecConnection();
+		expect(status.ok).toBe(false);
+		expect(status.message).toContain("CROWDSEC_API_KEY");
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("verifies the key against the CTI probe endpoint", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(
+			jsonResponse({ ip: "1.1.1.1", reputation: "safe" }),
+		);
+
+		const status = await verifyCrowdsecConnection();
+		expect(status.ok).toBe(true);
+		expect(status.message).toContain("1.1.1.1");
+		expect(String(fetchMock.mock.calls[0][0])).toContain("/smoke/1.1.1.1");
+		expect(
+			(fetchMock.mock.calls[0][1].headers as Record<string, string>)[
+				"x-api-key"
+			],
+		).toBe("cs_key");
+	});
+
+	it("surfaces a rejected credential", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse({ message: "Invalid key" }, 403));
+
+		const status = await verifyCrowdsecConnection();
+		expect(status.ok).toBe(false);
+		expect(status.message).toContain("Invalid key");
+	});
+
+	it("round-trips the last verify status through Redis and memory", async () => {
+		const status = { ok: true, message: "CTI key accepted", at: Date.now() };
+		await setLastCrowdsecVerify(status);
+		expect(await getLastCrowdsecVerify()).toEqual(status);
+		expect(JSON.parse(state.map.get("crowdsec:last-verify") ?? "{}")).toEqual(
+			status,
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("records why it blocked an IP next to the gate key", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse(maliciousItem(blockIp())));
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 86_400,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+
+		const meta = await getCrowdsecBlockMeta(blockIp());
+		expect(meta).not.toBeNull();
+		expect(meta?.source).toBe("crowdsec");
+		expect(meta?.reputation).toBe("malicious");
+		expect(meta?.score).toBe(5);
+		expect(meta?.behaviors).toEqual(["http:bruteforce", "http:scan"]);
+		expect(meta?.category).toBe("api");
+		expect(meta?.ttlSeconds).toBe(86_400);
+		expect(meta?.blockedAt).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+	});
+
+	it("stops consulting the API once today's quota is spent", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA", "2");
+		// Fresh Response per call — a consumed body must never be re-parsed.
+		fetchMock.mockImplementation(() =>
+			Promise.resolve(jsonResponse(maliciousItem(blockIp()))),
+		);
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.2",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+		expect(state.map.get(`antiddos:block:198.51.100.2`)).toBe("crowdsec");
+
+		// Third bucket-tripping IP arrives after the quota counter hit 2.
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.3",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+		expect(state.map.has(`antiddos:block:198.51.100.3`)).toBe(false);
+
+		const usage = await getCrowdsecQuotaUsage();
+		expect(usage.quota).toBe(2);
+		expect(usage.used).toBe(2);
+		expect(usage.exhausted).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it("exposes today's quota usage for the admin panel", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA", "10000");
+		const before = await getCrowdsecQuotaUsage();
+		expect(before.quota).toBe(10000);
+		expect(before.used).toBe(0);
+		expect(before.exhausted).toBe(false);
+		expect(before.date).toMatch(/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$/);
+
+		state.map.set(`crowdsec:usage:${before.date}`, "9876");
+		const after = await getCrowdsecQuotaUsage();
+		expect(after.used).toBe(9876);
+	});
+
+	it("caps the in-process verdict cache so it cannot grow forever", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA", "0");
+		fetchMock.mockImplementation((url: string | URL) =>
+			Promise.resolve(
+				jsonResponse(maliciousItem(String(url).split("/").pop() ?? "ip")),
+			),
+		);
+
+		// One lookup per distinct IP (never cached before), exceeding the cap —
+		// the oldest entries are evicted first, so the cache stays bounded.
+		for (let i = 0; i < 2100; i += 1) {
+			await lookupCrowdsecVerdict(`198.51.100.${i}`);
+		}
+		expect(getMemoryVerdictCacheSize()).toBe(2000);
+	});
+
+	it("raises an ops alert when the daily quota is exhausted", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA", "1");
+		fetchMock.mockImplementation(() =>
+			Promise.resolve(jsonResponse(maliciousItem(blockIp()))),
+		);
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.2",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await tick();
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		expect(state.sendAlert).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		const [input] = state.sendAlert.mock.calls[0];
+		expect(input.type).toBe("ddos");
+		expect(input.severity).toBe("warning");
+		expect(input.message).toContain("quota exhausted");
+		expect(input.context).toMatchObject({ quota: 1 });
+	});
+
+	it("alerts once when quota becomes available again after exhaustion", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA", "1");
+		fetchMock.mockImplementation(() =>
+			Promise.resolve(jsonResponse(maliciousItem(blockIp()))),
+		);
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: blockIp(),
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		// Exhaust the counter.
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.2",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		// The counter is externally reset (new billing day / fresh deployment):
+		// the next successful reserve should call it out.
+		const date = new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+		state.map.set(`crowdsec:usage:${date}`, "0");
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.3",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await tick();
+
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+		expect(state.sendAlert).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+		const alerts = state.sendAlert.mock.calls.map(([input]) => input);
+		expect(alerts[0].severity).toBe("warning");
+		expect(alerts[1].severity).toBe("info");
+		expect(alerts[1].message).toContain("available again");
+		expect(alerts[1].context).toMatchObject({ quota: 1 });
+	});
+
+	it("floods once per cooldown window when blocks burst past the threshold", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_ALERT_BLOCK_BURST", "2");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA", "0");
+		fetchMock.mockImplementation((url: string | URL) =>
+			Promise.resolve(
+				jsonResponse(maliciousItem(String(url).split("/").pop() ?? "ip")),
+			),
+		);
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.71",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.72",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		// Third block in the same window: threshold crossed, but the alert is
+		// cooldown-gated so it still fires exactly once.
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.73",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await tick();
+		expect(state.sendAlert).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		const [input] = state.sendAlert.mock.calls[0];
+		expect(input.type).toBe("ddos");
+		expect(input.context).toMatchObject({ blocks: 2, threshold: 2 });
+		expect(state.map.get(`antiddos:block:198.51.100.72`)).toBe("crowdsec");
+	});
+
+	it("tallies lookups and blocks into the daily stats histogram", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "cs_key");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA", "0");
+		fetchMock.mockImplementation((url: string | URL) => {
+			const ip = String(url).split("/").pop() ?? "ip";
+			return Promise.resolve(
+				jsonResponse(
+					ip === "198.51.100.83" ? suspiciousItem(ip, 3) : maliciousItem(ip),
+				),
+			);
+		});
+
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.81",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.82",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 4,
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+			ip: "198.51.100.83",
+			category: "api",
+			ttlSeconds: 600,
+			scoreThreshold: 7, // suspicious/known verdicts below threshold: lookup only
+			enabled: true,
+		});
+		await tick();
+
+		const stats = await getCrowdsecStats(1);
+		const today: CrowdsecDailyStat | undefined = stats.find(
+			(row) => row.date === new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10),
+		);
+		expect(today?.lookups).toBe(3);
+		expect(today?.blocks).toBe(2);
+		expect(today?.reportFailures).toBe(0);
+		expect(today?.categories).toMatchObject({ api: 2 });
+		expect(today?.reputations).toMatchObject({ malicious: 2 });
+		expect(
+			state.map.get(
+				`crowdsec:stat:lookups:${new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10)}`,
+			),
+		).toBe("3");
+	});
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,789 @@
+import "server-only";
+
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import { env } from "@/env";
+import { raiseCrowdsecAlert } from "@/lib/crowdsec-alerts";
+import { reportCrowdsecSignal } from "@/lib/crowdsec-report";
+import {
+	bumpCrowdsecBreakdownStat,
+	bumpCrowdsecStat,
+} from "@/lib/crowdsec-stats";
+import { logger } from "@/lib/logger";
+import { redis } from "@/lib/redis";
+import { UNKNOWN_CLIENT_IP } from "./client-ip";
+
+/**
+ * CrowdSec CTI (community threat intelligence) integration for the anti-DDoS
+ * gate — the reputation side of the auto-block pipeline.
+ *
+ * When an IP trips a rate bucket, the gate consults CrowdSec's community
+ * reputation for that IP (`GET /smoke/{ip}`, the freemium Enrichment API,
+ * `x-api-key` auth) and hard-blocks known-bad repeat offenders immediately
+ * instead of waiting for the local `maxViolations` threshold. The block lives
+ * only in the gate's own shared Redis key (`antiddos:block:{ip}`) so every
+ * existing consumer — the proxy check, the admin block list, the admin unban —
+ * keeps working unchanged. CrowdSec never talks to Cloudflare and never
+ * creates edge rules; if a Cloudflare mirror is wanted it is the gate's own
+ * escalation logic that decides, never this module.
+ *
+ * Quota safety: lookups only run for IPs that already tripped a bucket (never
+ * on the plain hot path), verdicts are cached in Redis for an hour (so a
+ * flood from one IP costs at most one API call), concurrent lookups for the
+ * same IP are deduped across instances with a Redis NX lock, and a 403/429
+ * response trips a module-wide backoff instead of hammering the API.
+ *
+ * Credentials come from env only (`CROWDSEC_API_KEY`) and are never written
+ * into the admin-visible config — same contract as the Cloudflare token.
+ *
+ * Quota guard: every enrichment call counts against a per-day Redis counter so
+ * a spread DDoS (many distinct IPs tripping buckets) can exhaust the day's
+ * freemium quota only until the configured ceiling, after which lookups pause
+ * until tomorrow instead of hammering a 429 wall.
+ *
+ * Sharing detections back: after a block is created this module fires the
+ * signal push in `@/lib/crowdsec-report` (Central API watcher login + POST
+ * /signals), strictly opt-in via CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED and always
+ * fire-and-forget.
+ */
+
+export class CrowdsecApiError extends Error {}
+
+export interface CrowdsecApiConfig {
+	baseUrl: string;
+	apiKey: string | null;
+}
+
+export type CrowdsecReputation =
+	| "malicious"
+	| "suspicious"
+	| "known"
+	| "safe"
+	| "benign"
+	| "unknown";
+
+export interface CrowdsecVerdict {
+	ip: string;
+	/** Raw CTI reputation enum; null when the IP is unknown to the community. */
+	reputation: CrowdsecReputation | null;
+	/** `scores.overall.total` — CrowdSec malevolence score, 0-5. */
+	score: number;
+	/** `scores.overall.aggressiveness` — 0-5. */
+	aggressiveness: number;
+	confidence: string | null;
+	/** Reported attack categories, e.g. ["http:scan", "ssh:bruteforce"]. */
+	behaviors: string[];
+	/** CrowdSec tags IPs carrying false-positive classifications as safe. */
+	falsePositive: boolean;
+	checkedAt: number;
+}
+
+export interface CrowdsecConnectionStatus {
+	ok: boolean;
+	message?: string;
+	at: number;
+}
+
+/** Why a CrowdSec-sourced block exists — persisted next to the block key. */
+export interface CrowdsecBlockMeta {
+	source: typeof CROWDSEC_BLOCK_SOURCE | "gate";
+	category: string;
+	reputation: CrowdsecReputation | null;
+	score: number;
+	behaviors: string[];
+	ttlSeconds: number;
+	blockedAt: number;
+}
+
+/** Daily CTI usage counter as shown in the admin panel. */
+export interface CrowdsecQuotaUsage {
+	/** UTC calendar day the counter belongs to (YYYY-MM-DD). */
+	date: string;
+	used: number;
+	/** 0 = unlimited. */
+	quota: number;
+	exhausted: boolean;
+}
+
+/** Value written into the shared block key so the admin UI can label the source. */
+export const CROWDSEC_BLOCK_SOURCE = "crowdsec";
+
+const API_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+const VERDICT_CACHE_TTL_SECONDS = 3600;
+const VERDICT_CACHE_TTL_MS = VERDICT_CACHE_TTL_SECONDS * 1000;
+const LOOKUP_LOCK_TTL_SECONDS = 60;
+const RATE_LIMIT_BACKOFF_MS = 60_000;
+const AUTH_BACKOFF_MS = 300_000;
+const VERDICT_PREFIX = "crowdsec:cti:";
+const LOOKUP_LOCK_PREFIX = "crowdsec:lock:";
+const LAST_VERIFY_KEY = "crowdsec:last-verify";
+const BLOCK_META_PREFIX = "antiddos:block:meta:";
+const QUOTA_PREFIX = "crowdsec:usage:";
+const QUOTA_KEY_TTL_SECONDS = 48 * 3_600;
+/** Shared 403/429 pause marker, so every instance respects the backoff. */
+const BACKOFF_KEY = "crowdsec:backoff-until";
+/** Short-window block burst counter: crowdsec:burst:recent (ZSET of timestamps). */
+const BURST_PREFIX = "crowdsec:burst:";
+const BURST_WINDOW_SECONDS = 300;
+/** In-process verdict cache cap so a flood of distinct IPs cannot grow it forever. */
+const MEMORY_VERDICT_CACHE_MAX = 2_000;
+/** Warn at this fraction of the daily quota, once per day. */
+const QUOTA_WARN_RATIO = 0.8;
+/** Well-known, community-safe address used by the admin "verify" button. */
+const PROBE_IP = "1.1.1.1";
+
+export function getCrowdsecApiConfig(): CrowdsecApiConfig {
+	return {
+		baseUrl: env.CROWDSEC_CTI_BASE_URL || "https://cti.api.crowdsec.net/v2",
+		apiKey: env.CROWDSEC_API_KEY?.trim() || null,
+	};
+}
+
+/** True when a CTI API key is present so the gate may call the API. */
+export function crowdsecEnabled(): boolean {
+	return Boolean(getCrowdsecApiConfig().apiKey);
+}
+
+interface CrowdsecScore {
+	aggressiveness?: number;
+	threat?: number;
+	trust?: number;
+	anomaly?: number;
+	total?: number;
+}
+
+interface CrowdsecSmokeItem {
+	ip?: string;
+	reputation?: string;
+	confidence?: string;
+	scores?: { overall?: CrowdsecScore };
+	classifications?: { false_positives?: unknown[] };
+	behaviors?: { name?: string }[];
+}
+
+async function crowdsecRequest(
+	path: string,
+	init: { method?: "GET" | "POST"; body?: unknown } = {},
+): Promise<Response> {
+	const config = getCrowdsecApiConfig();
+	if (!config.apiKey) {
+		throw new CrowdsecApiError("CROWDSEC_API_KEY is not configured");
+	}
+	const controller = new AbortController();
+	const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), API_TIMEOUT_MS);
+	try {
+		return await fetch(`${config.baseUrl}${path}`, {
+			method: init.method ?? "GET",
+			headers: {
+				"x-api-key": config.apiKey,
+				Accept: "application/json",
+				"Content-Type": "application/json",
+			},
+			body: init.body === undefined ? undefined : JSON.stringify(init.body),
+			signal: controller.signal,
+			cache: "no-store",
+		});
+	} finally {
+		clearTimeout(timer);
+	}
+}
+
+async function errorDetail(response: Response): Promise<string> {
+	try {
+		const body = (await response.json()) as { message?: string };
+		return body.message ?? `HTTP ${response.status}`;
+	} catch {
+		return `HTTP ${response.status}`;
+	}
+}
+
+function toNumber(value: unknown): number {
+	const n = Number(value);
+	return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : 0;
+}
+
+function parseVerdict(ip: string, item: CrowdsecSmokeItem): CrowdsecVerdict {
+	const overall = item.scores?.overall;
+	const falsePositives = item.classifications?.false_positives ?? [];
+	return {
+		ip,
+		reputation: (item.reputation as CrowdsecReputation | undefined) ?? null,
+		score: toNumber(overall?.total),
+		aggressiveness: toNumber(overall?.aggressiveness),
+		confidence: item.confidence ?? null,
+		behaviors: (item.behaviors ?? [])
+			.map((behavior) => behavior?.name)
+			.filter((name): name is string => Boolean(name)),
+		// CrowdSec: "Any IP with false_positives tags shouldn't be considered
+		// as malicious" — this veto always wins over reputation and score.
+		falsePositive: falsePositives.length > 0,
+		checkedAt: Date.now(),
+	};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a cached CTI verdict into a block/no-block decision against the
+ * admin-configurable score threshold. `malicious` is always blocked; `safe`
+ * and `benign` never are; everything else follows the 0-5 score threshold
+ * (with score 0 = "unknown" never blocking, even at threshold 0).
+ */
+export function verdictIsMalicious(
+	verdict: CrowdsecVerdict,
+	threshold: number,
+): boolean {
+	if (verdict.falsePositive) return false;
+	if (verdict.reputation === "malicious") return true;
+	if (verdict.reputation === "safe" || verdict.reputation === "benign") {
+		return false;
+	}
+	const effective = Math.min(5, Math.max(0, threshold));
+	return verdict.score >= effective && verdict.score >= 1;
+}
+
+// --- Verdict cache (Redis backed, in-process fallback) ---
+
+const memoryVerdicts = new Map<string, CrowdsecVerdict>();
+
+/**
+ * Insert/refresh an in-process verdict while keeping the cache bounded: Map
+ * iteration order is insertion order, so the oldest (leftmost) entry is
+ * dropped first and re-inserted entries are refreshed to the back.
+ */
+function rememberVerdict(verdict: CrowdsecVerdict): void {
+	memoryVerdicts.delete(verdict.ip);
+	memoryVerdicts.set(verdict.ip, verdict);
+	while (memoryVerdicts.size > MEMORY_VERDICT_CACHE_MAX) {
+		const oldest = memoryVerdicts.keys().next();
+		if (oldest.done) break;
+		memoryVerdicts.delete(oldest.value);
+	}
+}
+
+/** Test hook only — reports the bounded in-process cache size. */
+export function getMemoryVerdictCacheSize(): number {
+	return memoryVerdicts.size;
+}
+
+function verdictKey(ip: string): string {
+	return `${VERDICT_PREFIX}${ip}`;
+}
+
+async function readVerdictCache(ip: string): Promise<CrowdsecVerdict | null> {
+	const cached = memoryVerdicts.get(ip);
+	if (cached && Date.now() - cached.checkedAt < VERDICT_CACHE_TTL_MS) {
+		return cached;
+	}
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			const raw = await redis.get(verdictKey(ip));
+			if (raw) {
+				const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as CrowdsecVerdict;
+				rememberVerdict(parsed);
+				return parsed;
+			}
+		} catch {
+			// fall through to a cache miss — the API call below is the fallback.
+		}
+	}
+	return null;
+}
+
+async function writeVerdictCache(verdict: CrowdsecVerdict): Promise<void> {
+	rememberVerdict(verdict);
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			await redis.set(
+				verdictKey(verdict.ip),
+				JSON.stringify(verdict),
+				"EX",
+				VERDICT_CACHE_TTL_SECONDS,
+			);
+		} catch {
+			// cache is best-effort — a miss only costs one extra API call later.
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/** Cross-instance dedupe so a cold-cache flood costs one lookup, not N. */
+async function acquireLookupLock(ip: string): Promise<boolean> {
+	if (!redis) return true;
+	try {
+		const acquired = await redis.set(
+			`${LOOKUP_LOCK_PREFIX}${ip}`,
+			"1",
+			"EX",
+			LOOKUP_LOCK_TTL_SECONDS,
+			"NX",
+		);
+		return acquired === "OK";
+	} catch {
+		// Redis hiccup — allow the lookup; the verdict cache still dedupes.
+		return true;
+	}
+}
+
+let backoffUntil = 0;
+let quotaWarnedDate: string | null = null;
+let quotaExhaustedDate: string | null = null;
+
+/**
+ * Next moment (epoch ms) the CTI API may be called again — the max of the
+ * in-process view and the shared Redis marker so every instance respects a
+ * backoff discovered by any of them. Redis is only read when the local view is
+ * not already active, keeping the hot path cheap.
+ */
+async function getBackoffUntil(): Promise<number> {
+	if (Date.now() < backoffUntil) return backoffUntil;
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			const raw = await redis.get(BACKOFF_KEY);
+			const shared = Number(raw ?? 0);
+			if (Number.isFinite(shared) && shared > backoffUntil) {
+				backoffUntil = shared;
+			}
+		} catch {
+			// Redis hiccup — local view is enough
+		}
+	}
+	return backoffUntil;
+}
+
+async function setBackoff(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+	const until = Date.now() + ms;
+	backoffUntil = until;
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			// EX rounds up so the marker outlives the wait it encodes, plus a
+			// second of slack for the read path.
+			await redis.set(
+				BACKOFF_KEY,
+				String(until),
+				"EX",
+				Math.ceil(ms / 1000) + 1,
+			);
+		} catch {
+			// local view still protects this instance
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+function quotaDate(): string {
+	return new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+}
+
+function quotaKey(date: string): string {
+	return `${QUOTA_PREFIX}${date}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Today's configured ceiling. Coerced because tests run with
+ * SKIP_ENV_VALIDATION (raw process.env strings, no zod defaults) while
+ * production gets a parsed number. 0 (or unset) = unlimited.
+ */
+function dailyQuota(): number {
+	const raw = Number(env.CROWDSEC_CTI_DAILY_QUOTA ?? 0);
+	return Number.isFinite(raw) && raw > 0 ? raw : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Today's CTI usage against the configured daily ceiling. Counted in Redis so
+ * every instance shares one budget.
+ */
+export async function getCrowdsecQuotaUsage(): Promise<CrowdsecQuotaUsage> {
+	const date = quotaDate();
+	const quota = dailyQuota();
+	let used = 0;
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			used = Number((await redis.get(quotaKey(date))) ?? 0);
+			if (!Number.isFinite(used)) used = 0;
+		} catch {
+			// counter unavailable — report zero rather than blocking the admin
+		}
+	}
+	return { date, used, quota, exhausted: quota > 0 && used >= quota };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reserve one API call against today's quota. Atomic: the counter is INCR'd
+ * BEFORE the call and compared to the ceiling, so concurrent instances can
+ * never slip calls past the budget; a reserve that overshoots rolls itself
+ * back. Returns false once the budget is spent (and raises an ops alert).
+ */
+async function reserveQuota(): Promise<boolean> {
+	const quota = dailyQuota();
+	if (quota <= 0) return true;
+	if (!redis) return true; // no shared counter → unlimited best-effort
+	const date = quotaDate();
+	const key = quotaKey(date);
+	try {
+		const used = await redis.incr(key);
+		await redis.expire(key, QUOTA_KEY_TTL_SECONDS);
+		if (used > quota) {
+			// Concurrent reserves nudged us past the ceiling — give the slot
+			// back and refuse: the budget would be spent the very next call
+			// anyway, so stopping here is both safe and quota-exact.
+			await redis.decr(key);
+			quotaExhaustedDate = date;
+			logger.warn(
+				"[crowdsec-api] CTI daily quota exhausted — pausing lookups until tomorrow",
+				{ quota },
+			);
+			void raiseCrowdsecAlert("quota", {
+				type: "ddos",
+				severity: "warning",
+				message: `CrowdSec reputation quota exhausted for today (${used} of ${quota} enrichment calls) — lookups are paused until tomorrow.`,
+				context: { used, quota, date },
+			});
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (used >= quota * QUOTA_WARN_RATIO && quotaWarnedDate !== date) {
+			quotaWarnedDate = date;
+			logger.warn("[crowdsec-api] CTI daily quota nearing its limit", {
+				used,
+				quota,
+			});
+		}
+		if (quotaExhaustedDate) {
+			// A reserve just succeeded after an exhaustion day (counter was
+			// reset or the calendar rolled over) — say so, once per cooldown.
+			void raiseCrowdsecAlert("quota-restored", {
+				type: "ddos",
+				severity: "info",
+				message: `CrowdSec reputation quota is available again (${used} of ${quota} used today) — lookups resumed.`,
+				context: { used, quota, date },
+			});
+			quotaExhaustedDate = null;
+		}
+		return true;
+	} catch {
+		// Redis hiccup at a moment we could not count — allow the call rather
+		// than break the gate; the verdict cache still limits frequency.
+		return true;
+	}
+}
+
+/** Block burst threshold from env, defensively coerced (falls back to 10). */
+function dailyBlockBurstThreshold(): number {
+	const raw = Number(env.CROWDSEC_ALERT_BLOCK_BURST ?? 10);
+	return Number.isFinite(raw) && raw > 0 ? Math.floor(raw) : 10;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A burst of new blocks is usually an automated attack wave. Track block
+ * timestamps in a rolling window (Redis sorted set, 5 minutes) so a burst that
+ * straddles a bucket boundary is still counted together, and alert once per
+ * cooldown window when the count crosses CROWDSEC_ALERT_BLOCK_BURST.
+ * Fire-and-forget.
+ */
+async function trackBlockBurst(): Promise<void> {
+	if (!redis) return;
+	const now = Date.now();
+	const key = `${BURST_PREFIX}recent`;
+	const threshold = dailyBlockBurstThreshold();
+	try {
+		await redis.zadd(key, now, randomUUID());
+		await redis.zremrangebyscore(key, 0, now - BURST_WINDOW_SECONDS * 1000);
+		const count = await redis.zcard(key);
+		await redis.expire(key, BURST_WINDOW_SECONDS * 2);
+		if (count >= threshold) {
+			void raiseCrowdsecAlert("block-burst", {
+				type: "ddos",
+				severity: "warning",
+				message: `Anti-DDoS auto-block created ${count} blocks in the last ${BURST_WINDOW_SECONDS / 60} minutes — likely an automated attack wave.`,
+				context: {
+					blocks: count,
+					windowSeconds: BURST_WINDOW_SECONDS,
+					threshold,
+				},
+			});
+		}
+	} catch {
+		// alert is best-effort — never break the block path
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Community reputation verdict for an IP, from cache when possible. Returns
+ * null when the API is not configured, the lookup failed, the API is in
+ * backoff, or today's quota is spent — never throws, so it is safe on the
+ * gate's hot path.
+ */
+export async function lookupCrowdsecVerdict(
+	ip: string,
+): Promise<CrowdsecVerdict | null> {
+	if (!crowdsecEnabled()) return null;
+	if (!ip || ip === UNKNOWN_CLIENT_IP) return null;
+	if (Date.now() < (await getBackoffUntil())) return null;
+
+	const cached = await readVerdictCache(ip);
+	if (cached) return cached;
+
+	if (!(await acquireLookupLock(ip))) {
+		// Another instance is mid-lookup for this IP; skip rather than
+		// double-spend API quota on the same address.
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	try {
+		// Re-read after claiming the lock — a concurrent instance may have
+		// filled the cache while we were acquiring it.
+		const raced = await readVerdictCache(ip);
+		if (raced) return raced;
+
+		// Cache miss costs a paid call — reserve against today's quota first.
+		if (!(await reserveQuota())) {
+			logger.warn(
+				"[crowdsec-api] CTI daily quota exhausted — pausing lookups until tomorrow",
+				{ quota: dailyQuota() },
+			);
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		const response = await crowdsecRequest(`/smoke/${encodeURIComponent(ip)}`);
+		// The enrichment call happened — count it for the daily histogram,
+		// regardless of whether the verdict was positive, negative, or n/a.
+		void bumpCrowdsecStat("lookups");
+
+		if (response.status === 404) {
+			// Unknown to the community — cache the negative result so a clean
+			// repeat offender never costs another API call this hour.
+			const verdict = parseVerdict(ip, {});
+			await writeVerdictCache(verdict);
+			return verdict;
+		}
+		if (response.status === 403) {
+			const detail = await errorDetail(response);
+			await setBackoff(AUTH_BACKOFF_MS);
+			// A rejected key paralyses the whole reputation pipeline — surface
+			// it once (cooldown-gated) so rotating the key is an ops priority.
+			void raiseCrowdsecAlert("cti-auth", {
+				type: "ddos",
+				severity: "critical",
+				message: `CrowdSec CTI API key rejected (HTTP 403): ${detail} — reputation lookups are paused for ${Math.round(AUTH_BACKOFF_MS / 60_000)} minutes. Rotate CROWDSEC_API_KEY.`,
+				context: { status: 403, detail, backoffMs: AUTH_BACKOFF_MS },
+			});
+			throw new CrowdsecApiError(
+				`CrowdSec API key rejected (HTTP 403): ${detail}`,
+			);
+		}
+		if (response.status === 429) {
+			await setBackoff(RATE_LIMIT_BACKOFF_MS);
+			logger.warn("[crowdsec-api] CTI API rate limit hit — backing off", {
+				ip,
+				backoffMs: RATE_LIMIT_BACKOFF_MS,
+			});
+			void raiseCrowdsecAlert("cti-ratelimit", {
+				type: "ddos",
+				severity: "warning",
+				message: `CrowdSec CTI API rate limited — all instances backed off for ${Math.round(RATE_LIMIT_BACKOFF_MS / 1000)}s.`,
+				context: { status: 429, backoffMs: RATE_LIMIT_BACKOFF_MS },
+			});
+			return null;
+		}
+		if (!response.ok) {
+			throw new CrowdsecApiError(
+				`CrowdSec CTI API error (HTTP ${response.status}): ${await errorDetail(response)}`,
+			);
+		}
+
+		const item = (await response.json()) as CrowdsecSmokeItem;
+		const verdict = parseVerdict(ip, item);
+		await writeVerdictCache(verdict);
+		return verdict;
+	} catch (error) {
+		logger.error("[crowdsec-api] CTI lookup failed", { ip, err: error });
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Consult the CrowdSec community reputation of an IP that just tripped a rate
+ * bucket and hard-block it when the community flags it as known-bad. Safe to
+ * call fire-and-forget from the hot path: it is never awaited by the caller,
+ * does nothing when the API is not configured or the runtime toggle is off,
+ * never shortens an already-active block, and never lets an API failure
+ * surface to the request.
+ */
+export async function maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec(input: {
+	ip: string;
+	category: string;
+	ttlSeconds: number;
+	scoreThreshold: number;
+	enabled: boolean;
+}): Promise<void> {
+	const { ip, category, ttlSeconds, scoreThreshold, enabled } = input;
+	if (!enabled) return;
+	if (!crowdsecEnabled()) return;
+	if (!ip || ip === UNKNOWN_CLIENT_IP) return;
+	// The gate only ever reads its block key through shared Redis — without it
+	// there is nowhere durable to record the block.
+	if (!redis) return;
+	if (Date.now() < (await getBackoffUntil())) return;
+
+	try {
+		const verdict = await lookupCrowdsecVerdict(ip);
+		if (!verdict || !verdictIsMalicious(verdict, scoreThreshold)) return;
+
+		const blockKey = `antiddos:block:${ip}`;
+		const existingTtl = await redis.pttl(blockKey);
+		// -2 = no key, -1 = no expiry; both fall through and get overwritten
+		// with the CrowdSec TTL. An equal or longer block is left untouched.
+		if (existingTtl >= ttlSeconds * 1000) return;
+
+		await redis.set(blockKey, CROWDSEC_BLOCK_SOURCE, "EX", ttlSeconds);
+		// Record why this block exists so the admin panel can surface the
+		// community reasoning (reputation, score, behaviors) for the IP.
+		const meta: CrowdsecBlockMeta = {
+			source: CROWDSEC_BLOCK_SOURCE,
+			category,
+			reputation: verdict.reputation,
+			score: verdict.score,
+			behaviors: verdict.behaviors,
+			ttlSeconds,
+			blockedAt: Date.now(),
+		};
+		try {
+			await redis.set(
+				`${BLOCK_META_PREFIX}${ip}`,
+				JSON.stringify(meta),
+				"EX",
+				ttlSeconds,
+			);
+		} catch {
+			// metadata is display sugar only — the block itself is already set.
+		}
+		// CrowdSec only records the block in the gate's own key. It never
+		// creates Cloudflare edge rules — the gate's own escalation logic is
+		// the only place that may mirror a host-level block to the edge.
+		logger.info(
+			"[crowdsec-api] Automatic IP block created from community reputation",
+			{
+				ip,
+				category,
+				ttlSeconds,
+				reputation: verdict.reputation,
+				score: verdict.score,
+				behaviors: verdict.behaviors,
+			},
+		);
+		// Opt-in community signal push (CAPI), fire-and-forget: never awaited,
+		// never throws, and internally deduped per IP.
+		void reportCrowdsecSignal({ ip, category, ttlSeconds, verdict, meta });
+		// Daily histogram + burst detection (cooldown-gated ops alert).
+		void bumpCrowdsecStat("blocks");
+		void bumpCrowdsecBreakdownStat("category", category);
+		if (verdict.reputation) {
+			void bumpCrowdsecBreakdownStat("reputation", verdict.reputation);
+		}
+		void trackBlockBurst();
+	} catch (error) {
+		logger.error("[crowdsec-api] Automatic IP block failed", {
+			ip,
+			err: error,
+		});
+	}
+}
+
+let lastVerifyMemory: CrowdsecConnectionStatus | null = null;
+
+/** Validate that the configured key can query the CTI (Enrichment) API. */
+export async function verifyCrowdsecConnection(): Promise<CrowdsecConnectionStatus> {
+	const config = getCrowdsecApiConfig();
+	if (!config.apiKey) {
+		return {
+			ok: false,
+			message: "CROWDSEC_API_KEY is not configured",
+			at: Date.now(),
+		};
+	}
+	try {
+		const response = await crowdsecRequest(`/smoke/${PROBE_IP}`);
+		if (response.ok) {
+			const item = (await response
+				.json()
+				.catch(() => null)) as CrowdsecSmokeItem | null;
+			const reputation = item?.reputation
+				? ` (reputation ${item.reputation})`
+				: "";
+			return {
+				ok: true,
+				message: `CTI key accepted — probed ${PROBE_IP}${reputation}`,
+				at: Date.now(),
+			};
+		}
+		if (response.status === 403) {
+			return {
+				ok: false,
+				message: `API key rejected: ${await errorDetail(response)}`,
+				at: Date.now(),
+			};
+		}
+		if (response.status === 429) {
+			return {
+				ok: false,
+				message: "CTI API rate limit reached — try again shortly",
+				at: Date.now(),
+			};
+		}
+		return {
+			ok: false,
+			message: `CrowdSec CTI API error (HTTP ${response.status}): ${await errorDetail(response)}`,
+			at: Date.now(),
+		};
+	} catch (error) {
+		return {
+			ok: false,
+			message:
+				error instanceof Error ? error.message : "CrowdSec API unreachable",
+			at: Date.now(),
+		};
+	}
+}
+
+export async function getLastCrowdsecVerify(): Promise<CrowdsecConnectionStatus | null> {
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			const raw = await redis.get(LAST_VERIFY_KEY);
+			if (raw) return JSON.parse(raw) as CrowdsecConnectionStatus;
+		} catch {
+			// fall back to the in-process view
+		}
+	}
+	return lastVerifyMemory;
+}
+
+export async function setLastCrowdsecVerify(
+	status: CrowdsecConnectionStatus,
+): Promise<void> {
+	lastVerifyMemory = status;
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			await redis.set(LAST_VERIFY_KEY, JSON.stringify(status));
+		} catch {
+			// redis unavailable — in-process view is enough
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/** Why an IP is blocked by CrowdSec, when known. */
+export async function getCrowdsecBlockMeta(
+	ip: string,
+): Promise<CrowdsecBlockMeta | null> {
+	if (!redis) return null;
+	try {
+		const raw = await redis.get(`${BLOCK_META_PREFIX}${ip}`);
+		if (!raw) return null;
+		return JSON.parse(raw) as CrowdsecBlockMeta;
+	} catch {
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+/** Test hook only — drop in-memory state between unit runs. */
+export function resetCrowdsecCache(): void {
+	memoryVerdicts.clear();
+	backoffUntil = 0;
+	quotaWarnedDate = null;
+	quotaExhaustedDate = null;
+	lastVerifyMemory = null;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import {
+	checkCrowdsecLocalBlock,
+	isBlockingCrowdsecDecision,
+	parseCrowdsecDecisionDuration,
+	resetCrowdsecLocalCache,
+} from "@/lib/crowdsec-local";
+
+const state = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+	map: new Map<string, string>(),
+	sendAlert: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/services/alert", () => ({
+	sendAlert: state.sendAlert,
+	ddosDetected: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/redis", () => ({
+	redis: {
+		get: async (key: string) => state.map.get(key) ?? null,
+		set: async (
+			key: string,
+			value: string,
+			_mode?: string,
+			_seconds?: number,
+			nx?: string,
+		) => {
+			if (nx === "NX" && state.map.has(key)) return null;
+			state.map.set(key, value);
+			return "OK";
+		},
+		del: async (...keys: string[]) => {
+			for (const key of keys) state.map.delete(key);
+			return keys.length;
+		},
+		incr: async (key: string) => {
+			const next = (Number(state.map.get(key)) || 0) + 1;
+			state.map.set(key, String(next));
+			return next;
+		},
+		expire: async () => 1,
+		pexpire: async () => 1,
+		pttl: async () => 60_000,
+	},
+	__esModule: true,
+}));
+
+function jsonResponse(body: unknown, status = 200): Response {
+	return new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
+		status,
+		headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+	});
+}
+
+const IP = "198.51.100.11";
+const LAPI_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:18080";
+
+describe("crowdsec-local app-layer bouncer", () => {
+	let fetchMock: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+		vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+		state.map.clear();
+		resetCrowdsecLocalCache();
+		fetchMock = vi.fn();
+		vi.stubGlobal("fetch", fetchMock);
+		vi.stubEnv("NODE_ENV", "production");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED", "true");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL", LAPI_URL);
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY", "test-local-key");
+	});
+
+	afterEach(() => {
+		vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+		vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+		state.map.clear();
+		resetCrowdsecLocalCache();
+	});
+
+	it("does nothing when the local stack is not enabled", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED", "false");
+		const result = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(IP);
+		expect(result.blocked).toBe(false);
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("does nothing without a bouncer key", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY", "");
+		const result = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(IP);
+		expect(result.blocked).toBe(false);
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("blocks an IP with a local ban decision and caches it", async () => {
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(
+			jsonResponse([
+				{
+					origin: "crowdsec",
+					type: "ban",
+					scope: "ip",
+					value: IP,
+					duration: "4h",
+				},
+			]),
+		);
+
+		const first = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(IP);
+		expect(first.blocked).toBe(true);
+		expect(first.retryAfterSeconds).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		expect(String(fetchMock.mock.calls[0][0])).toContain(
+			`/v1/decisions?ip=${IP}`,
+		);
+
+		const second = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(IP);
+		expect(second.blocked).toBe(true);
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+
+	it("treats captcha decisions as blocks", async () => {
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(
+			jsonResponse([{ type: "captcha", scope: "ip", value: IP }]),
+		);
+		const result = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(IP);
+		expect(result.blocked).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it("passes non-blocking decisions and caches the negative", async () => {
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(
+			jsonResponse([{ type: "probation", scope: "ip", value: IP }]),
+		);
+		const first = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(IP);
+		expect(first.blocked).toBe(false);
+		const second = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(IP);
+		expect(second.blocked).toBe(false);
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+
+	it("fails open when LAPI errors and backs off", async () => {
+		fetchMock.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("connection refused"));
+		const first = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(IP);
+		expect(first.blocked).toBe(false);
+		await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5));
+		const second = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(IP);
+		expect(second.blocked).toBe(false);
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+
+	it("backs off for five minutes when the bouncer key is rejected", async () => {
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse({ message: "forbidden" }, 403));
+		const first = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(IP);
+		expect(first.blocked).toBe(false);
+		const second = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(IP);
+		expect(second.blocked).toBe(false);
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+
+	it("does not query the LAPI for the unknown-IP sentinel", async () => {
+		const result = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock("0.0.0.0");
+		expect(result.blocked).toBe(false);
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+});
+
+describe("crowdsec-local decision parsing", () => {
+	it("parses Go-style durations into seconds", () => {
+		expect(parseCrowdsecDecisionDuration("3h51m57s")).toBe(
+			3 * 3_600 + 51 * 60 + 57,
+		);
+		expect(parseCrowdsecDecisionDuration("500ms")).toBeCloseTo(0.5);
+		expect(parseCrowdsecDecisionDuration("")).toBe(0);
+		expect(parseCrowdsecDecisionDuration(null)).toBe(0);
+	});
+
+	it("recognises only ban/captcha ip/range decisions", () => {
+		expect(
+			isBlockingCrowdsecDecision({ type: "ban", scope: "ip", value: IP }),
+		).toBe(true);
+		expect(
+			isBlockingCrowdsecDecision({ type: "ban", scope: "range", value: IP }),
+		).toBe(true);
+		expect(
+			isBlockingCrowdsecDecision({ type: "captcha", scope: "ip", value: IP }),
+		).toBe(true);
+		expect(
+			isBlockingCrowdsecDecision({ type: "probation", scope: "ip", value: IP }),
+		).toBe(false);
+		expect(
+			isBlockingCrowdsecDecision({ type: "ban", scope: "as", value: IP }),
+		).toBe(false);
+		expect(isBlockingCrowdsecDecision(null)).toBe(false);
+	});
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+import "server-only";
+
+import { env } from "@/env";
+import {
+	bumpCrowdsecBreakdownStat,
+	bumpCrowdsecStat,
+} from "@/lib/crowdsec-stats";
+import { logger } from "@/lib/logger";
+import { redis } from "@/lib/redis";
+import { UNKNOWN_CLIENT_IP } from "./client-ip";
+
+export interface CrowdsecLocalDecision {
+	origin?: string;
+	scope?: string;
+	type?: string;
+	value?: string;
+	duration?: string | null;
+}
+
+export interface CrowdsecLocalBlockResult {
+	blocked: boolean;
+	retryAfterSeconds: number;
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_LAPI_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:18080";
+const REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+const NEGATIVE_CACHE_TTL_MS = 2_000;
+const DECISION_CACHE_TTL_MS = 300_000;
+const DECISION_RETRY_MAX_SECONDS = 300;
+const FALLBACK_RETRY_SECONDS = 60;
+const BACKOFF_MS = 5_000;
+const AUTH_BACKOFF_MS = 300_000;
+const MEMORY_CACHE_MAX = 5_000;
+const CACHE_PREFIX = "crowdsec:local:";
+const BACKOFF_KEY = "crowdsec:local:backoff-until";
+
+const DURATION_TOKEN = /(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)(ns|us|µs|ms|s|m|h)/g;
+
+export function parseCrowdsecDecisionDuration(
+	value: string | null | undefined,
+): number {
+	if (!value) return 0;
+	let total = 0;
+	for (const match of value.matchAll(DURATION_TOKEN)) {
+		const amount = Number(match[1]);
+		if (!Number.isFinite(amount)) continue;
+		const unit = match[2];
+		if (unit === "h") total += amount * 3_600;
+		else if (unit === "m") total += amount * 60;
+		else if (unit === "s") total += amount;
+		else if (unit === "ms") total += amount / 1_000;
+		else if (unit === "us" || unit === "µs") total += amount / 1_000_000;
+		else if (unit === "ns") total += amount / 1_000_000_000;
+	}
+	return total;
+}
+
+export function isBlockingCrowdsecDecision(
+	decision: CrowdsecLocalDecision | null | undefined,
+): boolean {
+	if (!decision) return false;
+	const type = decision.type?.toLowerCase();
+	const scope = decision.scope?.toLowerCase();
+	if ((type !== "ban" && type !== "captcha") || !decision.value) return false;
+	return scope === "ip" || scope === "range";
+}
+
+function localEnabled(): boolean {
+	const flag: unknown = env.CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED;
+	return flag === true || flag === "true" || flag === "1";
+}
+
+function localConfig(): {
+	url: string;
+	apiKey: string;
+	timeoutMs: number;
+} {
+	return {
+		url: (env.CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL || DEFAULT_LAPI_URL).replace(/\/+$/, ""),
+		apiKey: String(env.CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY ?? "").trim(),
+		timeoutMs:
+			Number(env.CROWDSEC_LAPI_TIMEOUT_MS) > 0
+				? Number(env.CROWDSEC_LAPI_TIMEOUT_MS)
+				: REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
+	};
+}
+
+interface CacheEntry {
+	blocked: boolean;
+	retryAfterSeconds: number;
+	until: number;
+}
+
+const memoryCache = new Map<string, CacheEntry>();
+
+let backoffUntil = 0;
+let authBackoffWarned = false;
+
+async function rememberCache(
+	ip: string,
+	entry: CacheEntry,
+	ttlMs: number,
+): Promise<void> {
+	memoryCache.delete(ip);
+	memoryCache.set(ip, entry);
+	while (memoryCache.size > MEMORY_CACHE_MAX) {
+		const oldest = memoryCache.keys().next();
+		if (oldest.done) break;
+		memoryCache.delete(oldest.value);
+	}
+	if (!redis) return;
+	try {
+		await redis.set(
+			`${CACHE_PREFIX}block:${ip}`,
+			JSON.stringify(entry),
+			"EX",
+			Math.max(1, Math.ceil(ttlMs / 1_000)),
+		);
+	} catch {
+		// Cache is best-effort — a miss only costs one extra LAPI call.
+	}
+}
+
+async function readCache(ip: string): Promise<CacheEntry | null> {
+	const memory = memoryCache.get(ip);
+	if (memory && memory.until > Date.now()) return memory;
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			const raw = await redis.get(`${CACHE_PREFIX}block:${ip}`);
+			if (raw) {
+				const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as CacheEntry;
+				if (parsed.until > Date.now()) return parsed;
+			}
+		} catch {
+			// Redis hiccup — an extra local LAPI call is the only cost.
+		}
+	}
+	return null;
+}
+
+async function getBackoffUntil(): Promise<number> {
+	if (Date.now() < backoffUntil) return backoffUntil;
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			const raw = await redis.get(BACKOFF_KEY);
+			const shared = Number(raw ?? 0);
+			if (Number.isFinite(shared) && shared > backoffUntil) {
+				backoffUntil = shared;
+			}
+		} catch {
+			// Redis hiccup — the local view is enough.
+		}
+	}
+	return backoffUntil;
+}
+
+async function setBackoff(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+	const until = Date.now() + ms;
+	backoffUntil = until;
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			await redis.set(
+				BACKOFF_KEY,
+				String(until),
+				"EX",
+				Math.ceil(ms / 1_000) + 1,
+			);
+		} catch {
+			// Local view still protects this instance.
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+function decisionRetrySeconds(decision: CrowdsecLocalDecision | null): number {
+	const parsed = decision
+		? parseCrowdsecDecisionDuration(decision.duration)
+		: 0;
+	if (parsed <= 0) return FALLBACK_RETRY_SECONDS;
+	return Math.min(Math.max(1, Math.floor(parsed)), DECISION_RETRY_MAX_SECONDS);
+}
+
+async function queryLocalDecision(
+	baseUrl: string,
+	apiKey: string,
+	timeoutMs: number,
+	ip: string,
+): Promise<CrowdsecLocalDecision | null> {
+	const controller = new AbortController();
+	const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
+	try {
+		const response = await fetch(
+			`${baseUrl}/v1/decisions?ip=${encodeURIComponent(ip)}`,
+			{
+				headers: {
+					"X-Api-Key": apiKey,
+					Accept: "application/json",
+				},
+				signal: controller.signal,
+				cache: "no-store",
+			},
+		);
+		if (response.status === 401 || response.status === 403) {
+			await setBackoff(AUTH_BACKOFF_MS);
+			if (!authBackoffWarned) {
+				authBackoffWarned = true;
+				logger.warn(
+					"[crowdsec-local] LAPI rejected the bouncer key — local decisions paused for 5 minutes",
+					{ status: response.status },
+				);
+			}
+			return null;
+		}
+		if (!response.ok) {
+			await setBackoff(BACKOFF_MS);
+			logger.warn(
+				"[crowdsec-local] LAPI decision request failed — failing open",
+				{ ip, status: response.status },
+			);
+			return null;
+		}
+		const body = (await response.json()) as unknown;
+		if (!Array.isArray(body)) return null;
+		return body.find(isBlockingCrowdsecDecision) ?? null;
+	} catch (error) {
+		await setBackoff(BACKOFF_MS);
+		logger.warn(
+			"[crowdsec-local] LAPI decision request errored — failing open",
+			{
+				ip,
+				error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+			},
+		);
+		return null;
+	} finally {
+		clearTimeout(timer);
+	}
+}
+
+export async function checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(
+	ip: string,
+): Promise<CrowdsecLocalBlockResult> {
+	if (!localEnabled()) return { blocked: false, retryAfterSeconds: 0 };
+	const config = localConfig();
+	if (!config.apiKey) return { blocked: false, retryAfterSeconds: 0 };
+	if (!ip || ip === UNKNOWN_CLIENT_IP) {
+		return { blocked: false, retryAfterSeconds: 0 };
+	}
+
+	if (Date.now() < (await getBackoffUntil())) {
+		return { blocked: false, retryAfterSeconds: 0 };
+	}
+
+	const cached = await readCache(ip);
+	if (cached && cached.until > Date.now()) {
+		return {
+			blocked: cached.blocked,
+			retryAfterSeconds: cached.blocked ? cached.retryAfterSeconds : 0,
+		};
+	}
+
+	const decision = await queryLocalDecision(
+		config.url,
+		config.apiKey,
+		config.timeoutMs,
+		ip,
+	);
+	if (decision) {
+		const retryAfterSeconds = decisionRetrySeconds(decision);
+		await rememberCache(
+			ip,
+			{
+				blocked: true,
+				retryAfterSeconds,
+				until: Date.now() + DECISION_CACHE_TTL_MS,
+			},
+			DECISION_CACHE_TTL_MS,
+		);
+		void bumpCrowdsecStat("blocks");
+		void bumpCrowdsecBreakdownStat("category", "local");
+		logger.info("[crowdsec-local] IP blocked by a local CrowdSec decision", {
+			ip,
+			type: decision.type,
+			retryAfterSeconds,
+		});
+		return { blocked: true, retryAfterSeconds };
+	}
+
+	await rememberCache(
+		ip,
+		{
+			blocked: false,
+			retryAfterSeconds: 0,
+			until: Date.now() + NEGATIVE_CACHE_TTL_MS,
+		},
+		NEGATIVE_CACHE_TTL_MS,
+	);
+	return { blocked: false, retryAfterSeconds: 0 };
+}
+
+export function resetCrowdsecLocalCache(): void {
+	memoryCache.clear();
+	backoffUntil = 0;
+	authBackoffWarned = false;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import type { CrowdsecVerdict } from "./crowdsec-api";
+import {
+	type CrowdsecReportStatus,
+	crowdsecReportEnabled,
+	getLastCrowdsecReport,
+	reportCrowdsecSignal,
+	resetCrowdsecReportCache,
+	verifyCrowdsecReporting,
+} from "./crowdsec-report";
+
+// The signal-push watcher is tested against a deterministic in-memory Redis
+// fake (NX lock + token cache) and a mocked fetch that routes the CAPI paths.
+const state = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+	map: new Map<string, string>(),
+	sendAlert: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/redis", () => ({
+	redis: {
+		get: async (key: string) => state.map.get(key) ?? null,
+		set: async (
+			key: string,
+			value: string,
+			_mode?: string,
+			_seconds?: number,
+			nx?: string,
+		) => {
+			if (nx === "NX" && state.map.has(key)) return null;
+			state.map.set(key, value);
+			return "OK";
+		},
+		del: async (...keys: string[]) => {
+			for (const key of keys) state.map.delete(key);
+			return keys.length;
+		},
+		incr: async (key: string) => {
+			const next = (Number(state.map.get(key)) || 0) + 1;
+			state.map.set(key, String(next));
+			return next;
+		},
+		expire: async () => 1,
+	},
+	__esModule: true,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/logger", () => ({
+	logger: {
+		info: vi.fn(),
+		warn: vi.fn(),
+		error: vi.fn(),
+		debug: vi.fn(),
+	},
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/services/alert", () => ({
+	sendAlert: state.sendAlert,
+	ddosDetected: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+const tick = () => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
+
+const CAPI = "https://capi.example.test/v3";
+const MACHINE = "m".repeat(48);
+const PASSWORD = "Strong!1P@ssw0rdStrong!1P@ssw0rd";
+
+function jsonResponse(body: unknown, status = 200): Response {
+	return new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
+		status,
+		headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+	});
+}
+
+function signalInput(ip = "198.51.100.9") {
+	const verdict: CrowdsecVerdict = {
+		ip,
+		reputation: "malicious",
+		score: 5,
+		aggressiveness: 4,
+		confidence: "0.95",
+		behaviors: ["http:bruteforce", "http:scan"],
+		falsePositive: false,
+		checkedAt: Date.now(),
+	};
+	return {
+		ip,
+		category: "api",
+		ttlSeconds: 86_400,
+		verdict,
+		meta: {
+			source: "crowdsec" as const,
+			category: "api",
+			reputation: verdict.reputation,
+			score: verdict.score,
+			behaviors: verdict.behaviors,
+			ttlSeconds: 86_400,
+			blockedAt: Date.now(),
+		},
+	};
+}
+
+describe("crowdsec-report", () => {
+	let fetchMock: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+	function routeCapi(overrides: Record<string, number> = {}) {
+		const statusFor = (path: string) =>
+			overrides[path] ?? (path === "/signals" ? 200 : 200);
+		fetchMock.mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+			const path = String(url).replace(CAPI, "");
+			const status = statusFor(path);
+			if (status !== 200) {
+				return Promise.resolve(jsonResponse({ message: "boom" }, status));
+			}
+			if (path === "/watchers/login") {
+				return Promise.resolve(
+					jsonResponse({
+						token: "jwt-xyz",
+						expire: new Date(Date.now() + 3_600_000).toISOString(),
+					}),
+				);
+			}
+			return Promise.resolve(jsonResponse({}));
+		});
+	}
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+		vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+		state.map.clear();
+		state.sendAlert.mockReset();
+		resetCrowdsecReportCache();
+		fetchMock = vi.fn();
+		vi.stubGlobal("fetch", fetchMock);
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED", "true");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_REPORT_MACHINE_ID", MACHINE);
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_REPORT_PASSWORD", PASSWORD);
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_CAPI_BASE_URL", CAPI);
+	});
+
+	afterEach(() => {
+		vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+		vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+		state.map.clear();
+		resetCrowdsecReportCache();
+		vi.restoreAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	it("is enabled only when the toggle and credentials are present", async () => {
+		expect(await crowdsecReportEnabled()).toBe(true);
+
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED", "");
+		resetCrowdsecReportCache();
+		expect(await crowdsecReportEnabled()).toBe(false);
+
+		// Machine id supplied but no password: falls back to generating a
+		// stable credential pair persisted in Redis.
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED", "true");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_REPORT_PASSWORD", "");
+		resetCrowdsecReportCache();
+		expect(await crowdsecReportEnabled()).toBe(true);
+		const storedMachine = state.map.get("crowdsec:report:machine");
+		expect(storedMachine).toMatch(/^[A-Za-z0-9]{48}$/);
+		expect(state.map.get("crowdsec:report:pass")).toBeTruthy();
+	});
+
+	it("does nothing when the channel is disabled", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED", "");
+		resetCrowdsecReportCache();
+
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput());
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("registers once, caches the token and pushes one signal per IP", async () => {
+		routeCapi();
+
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput("198.51.100.10"));
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput("198.51.100.11"));
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput("198.51.100.10"));
+		// Let the fire-and-forget network body land.
+		await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
+
+		const urls = fetchMock.mock.calls.map((call) => String(call[0]));
+		expect(urls.filter((u) => u.endsWith("/watchers/register"))).toHaveLength(
+			1,
+		);
+		expect(urls.filter((u) => u.endsWith("/watchers/login"))).toHaveLength(1);
+		expect(urls.filter((u) => u.endsWith("/signals"))).toHaveLength(2);
+		// No enrollment requested without an attachment key.
+		expect(urls.some((u) => u.endsWith("/watchers/enroll"))).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it("builds a well-formed CrowdSec signal with a ban decision", async () => {
+		routeCapi();
+
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput());
+		await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
+
+		const signalsCall = fetchMock.mock.calls.find((call) =>
+			String(call[0]).endsWith("/signals"),
+		);
+		expect(signalsCall).toBeDefined();
+		if (!signalsCall) throw new Error("expected a /signals call");
+		const init = signalsCall[1] as {
+			body: string;
+			headers: Record<string, string>;
+		};
+		const body = JSON.parse(init.body) as Record<string, unknown>[];
+		expect(body).toHaveLength(1);
+		const signal = body[0] as {
+			machine_id: string;
+			scenario: string;
+			scenario_version: string;
+			source: { scope: string; value: string; ip: string };
+			decisions: {
+				scope: string;
+				type: string;
+				value: string;
+				duration: string;
+			}[];
+			context: { key: string; value: string }[];
+			created_at: string;
+			start_at: string;
+			stop_at: string;
+		};
+		expect(signal.machine_id).toBe(MACHINE);
+		expect(signal.scenario).toBe("community/anti-ddos-block");
+		expect(signal.scenario_version).toBe("1.0.0");
+		expect(signal.source).toEqual({
+			scope: "ip",
+			value: "198.51.100.9",
+			ip: "198.51.100.9",
+		});
+		expect(signal.decisions).toHaveLength(1);
+		expect(signal.decisions[0]).toMatchObject({
+			origin: "crowdsec",
+			scope: "ip",
+			type: "ban",
+			value: "198.51.100.9",
+		});
+		expect(String(signal.decisions[0].duration)).toMatch(/^24h0m0s$/);
+		for (const key of ["created_at", "start_at", "stop_at"] as const) {
+			expect(typeof signal[key]).toBe("string");
+		}
+		expect(
+			signal.context.find((c) => c.key === "crowdsec_reputation")?.value,
+		).toBe("malicious");
+	});
+
+	it("records a healthy last-report state after a successful push", async () => {
+		routeCapi();
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput());
+		await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
+		const last = await getLastCrowdsecReport();
+		expect(last?.ok).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it("never throws and logs the failure when the CAPI rejects the signal", async () => {
+		fetchMock.mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+			const path = String(url).replace(CAPI, "");
+			if (path === "/watchers/login") {
+				return Promise.resolve(
+					jsonResponse({
+						token: "jwt-xyz",
+						expire: new Date(Date.now() + 3_600_000).toISOString(),
+					}),
+				);
+			}
+			if (path === "/signals") {
+				return Promise.resolve(jsonResponse({ message: "boom" }, 500));
+			}
+			return Promise.resolve(jsonResponse({}));
+		});
+
+		await expect(reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput())).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+		await tick();
+		const last: CrowdsecReportStatus | null = await getLastCrowdsecReport();
+		expect(last?.ok).toBe(false);
+		expect(last?.message).toContain("signal push rejected");
+	});
+
+	it("counts a failed push and raises a cooldown-gated ops alert", async () => {
+		fetchMock.mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+			const path = String(url).replace(CAPI, "");
+			if (path === "/watchers/login") {
+				return Promise.resolve(
+					jsonResponse({
+						token: "jwt-xyz",
+						expire: new Date(Date.now() + 3_600_000).toISOString(),
+					}),
+				);
+			}
+			if (path === "/signals") {
+				return Promise.resolve(jsonResponse({ message: "boom" }, 500));
+			}
+			return Promise.resolve(jsonResponse({}));
+		});
+
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput("198.51.100.20"));
+		await tick();
+		const today = new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+		expect(state.map.get(`crowdsec:stat:report_fail:${today}`)).toBe("1");
+		expect(state.sendAlert).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		const [input] = state.sendAlert.mock.calls[0];
+		expect(input.type).toBe("ddos");
+		expect(input.severity).toBe("warning");
+		expect(input.context).toMatchObject({ ip: "198.51.100.20" });
+
+		// A second failed push inside the cooldown window stays silent.
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput("198.51.100.21"));
+		await tick();
+		expect(state.sendAlert).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		expect(state.map.get(`crowdsec:stat:report_fail:${today}`)).toBe("2");
+	});
+
+	it("tallies successful pushes into the daily stats histogram", async () => {
+		routeCapi();
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput("198.51.100.30"));
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput("198.51.100.31"));
+		await tick();
+		const today = new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+		expect(state.map.get(`crowdsec:stat:reports:${today}`)).toBe("2");
+		expect(state.sendAlert).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("raises an info alert the first time the channel heals after failures", async () => {
+		fetchMock.mockImplementation((url: string) => {
+			const path = String(url).replace(CAPI, "");
+			if (path === "/watchers/login") {
+				return Promise.resolve(
+					jsonResponse({
+						token: "jwt-xyz",
+						expire: new Date(Date.now() + 3_600_000).toISOString(),
+					}),
+				);
+			}
+			if (path === "/signals") {
+				return Promise.resolve(jsonResponse({ message: "boom" }, 500));
+			}
+			return Promise.resolve(jsonResponse({}));
+		});
+
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput("198.51.100.40"));
+		await tick();
+		expect(state.sendAlert).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		expect((await getLastCrowdsecReport())?.ok).toBe(false);
+
+		// Channel heals: the first success after a failure is worth a notice.
+		routeCapi();
+		await reportCrowdsecSignal(signalInput("198.51.100.41"));
+		await tick();
+		const last: CrowdsecReportStatus | null = await getLastCrowdsecReport();
+		expect(last?.ok).toBe(true);
+
+		expect(state.sendAlert).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+		const alerts = state.sendAlert.mock.calls.map(([input]) => input);
+		expect(alerts[0].severity).toBe("warning");
+		expect(alerts[1].severity).toBe("info");
+		expect(alerts[1].message).toContain("recovered");
+		expect(alerts[1].context).toMatchObject({ ip: "198.51.100.41" });
+	});
+
+	it("verifies the watcher channel end to end", async () => {
+		routeCapi();
+		const status = await verifyCrowdsecReporting();
+		expect(status.ok).toBe(true);
+		expect(String(fetchMock.mock.calls[0][0])).toContain("/watchers/register");
+	});
+
+	it("reports a clear reason when verification is impossible", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED", "");
+		resetCrowdsecReportCache();
+		const status = await verifyCrowdsecReporting();
+		expect(status.ok).toBe(false);
+		expect(status.message).toContain("CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED");
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,571 @@
+import "server-only";
+
+import { createHash, randomBytes } from "node:crypto";
+import { env } from "@/env";
+import { raiseCrowdsecAlert } from "@/lib/crowdsec-alerts";
+import type {
+	CrowdsecBlockMeta,
+	CrowdsecConnectionStatus,
+	CrowdsecVerdict,
+} from "@/lib/crowdsec-api";
+import { bumpCrowdsecStat } from "@/lib/crowdsec-stats";
+import { logger } from "@/lib/logger";
+import { redis } from "@/lib/redis";
+import { UNKNOWN_CLIENT_IP } from "./client-ip";
+
+/**
+ * CrowdSec Central API (CAPI) signal push — the "give back" side of the
+ * anti-DDoS pipeline.
+ *
+ * When the gate blocks an IP based on the CTI community reputation, this
+ * module reports that detection back to CrowdSec (POST /v3/signals) so the
+ * community blocklist also protects every other member. Strictly opt-in
+ * (CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED) and always fire-and-forget: a failure here never
+ * blocks the hot path, never throws to the caller, and records the last
+ * outcome for the admin panel.
+ *
+ * A plain CTI API key cannot push signals, so we act as a CAPI "watcher":
+ *   1. generate/load a stable 48-char alnum machine_id + password pair
+ *      (persisted in Redis when not provided via env),
+ *   2. register it once (POST /v3/watchers/register),
+ *   3. login to obtain a JWT (POST /v3/watchers/login), cached in Redis and
+ *      refreshed against its expiry,
+ *   4. optional console enrollment via attachment key (POST /v3/watchers/enroll),
+ *   5. push the block as a signal (POST /v3/signals), deduped per IP.
+ */
+
+const API_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+const TOKEN_CACHE_KEY = "crowdsec:report:token";
+const MACHINE_KEY = "crowdsec:report:machine";
+const PASSWORD_KEY = "crowdsec:report:pass";
+const REGISTERED_KEY = "crowdsec:report:registered";
+const ENROLLED_KEY = "crowdsec:report:enrolled";
+const LAST_REPORT_KEY = "crowdsec:last-report";
+const REPORT_LOCK_PREFIX = "crowdsec:report:";
+/** An IP is only reported once per window — the block itself already deters. */
+const REPORT_DEDUPE_SECONDS = 6 * 3_600;
+const SCENARIO = "community/anti-ddos-block";
+const SCENARIO_VERSION = "1.0.0";
+
+export class CrowdsecReportError extends Error {}
+
+/** True when the reporting channel is switched on AND usable. */
+export async function crowdsecReportEnabled(): Promise<boolean> {
+	// Production parses CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED to a boolean via zod; tests
+	// (SKIP_ENV_VALIDATION) expose the raw env string, so accept both forms.
+	const flag: unknown = env.CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED;
+	if (flag !== true && flag !== "true" && flag !== "1") return false;
+	return (await loadReportCredentials()) !== null;
+}
+
+function isAlnum48(value: string): boolean {
+	return /^[A-Za-z0-9]{48}$/.test(value);
+}
+
+function generateMachineId(): string {
+	// CAPI schema: exactly 48 characters, [A-Za-z0-9].
+	const alphabet =
+		"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
+	const bytes = randomBytes(48);
+	let id = "";
+	for (let i = 0; i < 48; i += 1) {
+		id += alphabet[bytes[i] % alphabet.length];
+	}
+	return id;
+}
+
+function generatePassword(): string {
+	// Deliberately generous: each class is present so common password-policy
+	// rules on the CAPI side are satisfied.
+	const upper = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
+	const lower = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+	const digits = "0123456789";
+	const symbols = "!@#$%^&*()-_=+[]{};:,.?";
+	const charset = `${upper}${lower}${digits}${symbols}`;
+	const bytes = randomBytes(32);
+	let password = "";
+	for (let i = 0; i < 8; i += 1) {
+		// Guarantee at least one of each class.
+		const pool = [upper, lower, digits, symbols][i % 4];
+		password += pool[bytes[i] % pool.length];
+	}
+	for (let i = 8; i < 32; i += 1) {
+		password += charset[bytes[i] % charset.length];
+	}
+	return password;
+}
+
+interface ReportCredentials {
+	machineId: string;
+	password: string;
+}
+
+let credentialsCache: ReportCredentials | null = null;
+let credentialsMissingRedisWarned = false;
+
+/**
+ * Load the configured watcher credentials, or generate a stable pair and
+ * persist it in Redis so restarts and other instances reuse the same identity.
+ */
+async function loadReportCredentials(): Promise<ReportCredentials | null> {
+	if (credentialsCache) return credentialsCache;
+	const envMachine = env.CROWDSEC_REPORT_MACHINE_ID?.trim();
+	const envPassword = env.CROWDSEC_REPORT_PASSWORD;
+	if (envMachine && envPassword) {
+		credentialsCache = { machineId: envMachine, password: envPassword };
+		return credentialsCache;
+	}
+	if (!redis) {
+		if (!credentialsMissingRedisWarned) {
+			credentialsMissingRedisWarned = true;
+			logger.warn(
+				"[crowdsec-report] Redis is required to persist auto-generated watcher credentials — set CROWDSEC_REPORT_MACHINE_ID and CROWDSEC_REPORT_PASSWORD, or REDIS_URL",
+			);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+	try {
+		let machineId: string | null = null;
+		let password: string | null = null;
+		const storedMachine = await redis.get(MACHINE_KEY);
+		const storedPassword = await redis.get(PASSWORD_KEY);
+		if (storedMachine && isAlnum48(storedMachine)) machineId = storedMachine;
+		if (storedPassword) password = storedPassword;
+		if (!machineId) machineId = generateMachineId();
+		if (!password) password = generatePassword();
+		await redis.set(MACHINE_KEY, machineId);
+		await redis.set(PASSWORD_KEY, password);
+		credentialsCache = { machineId, password };
+		return credentialsCache;
+	} catch {
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+async function capiRequest(
+	path: string,
+	init: { method?: "POST" | "GET"; token?: string; body?: unknown } = {},
+): Promise<Response> {
+	const controller = new AbortController();
+	const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), API_TIMEOUT_MS);
+	const headers: Record<string, string> = {
+		Accept: "application/json",
+		"Content-Type": "application/json",
+	};
+	if (init.token) headers.Authorization = `Bearer ${init.token}`;
+	try {
+		return await fetch(`${env.CROWDSEC_CAPI_BASE_URL}${path}`, {
+			method: init.method ?? "POST",
+			headers,
+			body: init.body === undefined ? undefined : JSON.stringify(init.body),
+			signal: controller.signal,
+			cache: "no-store",
+		});
+	} finally {
+		clearTimeout(timer);
+	}
+}
+
+async function errorDetail(response: Response): Promise<string> {
+	try {
+		const body = (await response.json()) as { message?: string };
+		return body.message ?? `HTTP ${response.status}`;
+	} catch {
+		return `HTTP ${response.status}`;
+	}
+}
+
+interface CapToken {
+	raw: string;
+	expiresAt: number;
+}
+
+let capToken: CapToken | null = null;
+let tokenPromise: Promise<string> | null = null;
+
+function scenarioHash(): string {
+	return createHash("sha256")
+		.update(`${SCENARIO}:${SCENARIO_VERSION}`)
+		.digest("hex")
+		.slice(0, 16);
+}
+
+async function registerWatcher(
+	machineId: string,
+	password: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+	if (!redis) return;
+	try {
+		const already = await redis.get(REGISTERED_KEY);
+		if (already) return;
+	} catch {
+		// proceed anyway — registering is idempotent-ish (400 = already exists)
+	}
+	const response = await capiRequest("/watchers/register", {
+		body: { machine_id: machineId, password },
+	});
+	if (response.ok || response.status === 400) {
+		try {
+			await redis.set(REGISTERED_KEY, "1", "EX", 30 * 24 * 3_600);
+		} catch {
+			// fine — will just attempt registration again later
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	throw new CrowdsecReportError(
+		`watcher registration failed (HTTP ${response.status}): ${await errorDetail(response)}`,
+	);
+}
+
+/** Login and cache the JWT; guarded against concurrent logins. */
+async function acquireCapToken(): Promise<string> {
+	if (capToken && capToken.expiresAt > Date.now() + 60_000) {
+		return capToken.raw;
+	}
+	if (tokenPromise) return tokenPromise;
+	const credentials = await loadReportCredentials();
+	if (!credentials) {
+		throw new CrowdsecReportError(
+			"CrowdSec reporting is not configured (no watcher credentials)",
+		);
+	}
+
+	tokenPromise = (async () => {
+		if (capToken && capToken.expiresAt > Date.now() + 60_000) {
+			return capToken.raw;
+		}
+		if (redis) {
+			try {
+				const cached = await redis.get(TOKEN_CACHE_KEY);
+				if (cached) {
+					const parsed = JSON.parse(cached) as CapToken;
+					if (parsed.expiresAt > Date.now() + 60_000) {
+						capToken = parsed;
+						return parsed.raw;
+					}
+				}
+			} catch {
+				// fall through to a fresh login
+			}
+		}
+
+		// First signal push needs the watcher to exist on the CAPI.
+		await registerWatcher(credentials.machineId, credentials.password);
+
+		const response = await capiRequest("/watchers/login", {
+			body: {
+				machine_id: credentials.machineId,
+				password: credentials.password,
+				scenarios: [SCENARIO],
+			},
+		});
+		if (!response.ok) {
+			throw new CrowdsecReportError(
+				`CAPI watcher login failed (HTTP ${response.status}): ${await errorDetail(response)}`,
+			);
+		}
+		const body = (await response.json()) as { token?: string; expire?: string };
+		if (!body.token) {
+			throw new CrowdsecReportError("CAPI watcher login returned no token");
+		}
+		let expiresAt = Date.now() + 3_600_000;
+		const expire = body.expire ? Date.parse(body.expire) : NaN;
+		if (Number.isFinite(expire) && expire > Date.now()) {
+			expiresAt = expire;
+		}
+		const token: CapToken = { raw: body.token, expiresAt };
+		capToken = token;
+		if (redis) {
+			try {
+				await redis.set(TOKEN_CACHE_KEY, JSON.stringify(token), "EX", 3_600);
+			} catch {
+				// in-process view is enough
+			}
+		}
+		return token.raw;
+	})().finally(() => {
+		tokenPromise = null;
+	});
+
+	return tokenPromise;
+}
+
+async function enrollWatcher(token: string): Promise<void> {
+	const attachmentKey = env.CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENROLL_KEY?.trim();
+	if (!attachmentKey) return;
+	if (!redis) return;
+	try {
+		const enrolled = await redis.get(ENROLLED_KEY);
+		if (enrolled) return;
+	} catch {
+		// best effort below
+	}
+	try {
+		const response = await capiRequest("/watchers/enroll", {
+			token,
+			body: { attachment_key: attachmentKey, name: "atomcms-next" },
+		});
+		if (response.ok) {
+			try {
+				await redis.set(ENROLLED_KEY, "1", "EX", 30 * 24 * 3_600);
+			} catch {
+				// best effort
+			}
+		}
+	} catch (error) {
+		// Enrollment only affects Console visibility — not worth failing a push.
+		logger.debug("[crowdsec-report] Console enrollment skipped", {
+			err: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+		});
+	}
+}
+
+function formatCapiDuration(seconds: number): string {
+	const safe = Math.max(1, Math.floor(seconds));
+	const hours = Math.floor(safe / 3_600);
+	const minutes = Math.floor((safe % 3_600) / 60);
+	const rest = safe % 60;
+	if (hours > 0) return `${hours}h${minutes}m${rest}s`;
+	if (minutes > 0) return `${minutes}m${rest}s`;
+	return `${rest}s`;
+}
+
+async function pushSignal(input: {
+	credentials: ReportCredentials;
+	token: string;
+	ip: string;
+	category: string;
+	ttlSeconds: number;
+	verdict: CrowdsecVerdict;
+	meta: CrowdsecBlockMeta;
+}): Promise<CrowdsecReportStatus> {
+	const now = new Date();
+	try {
+		await enrollWatcher(input.token);
+		const duration = formatCapiDuration(input.ttlSeconds);
+		const response = await capiRequest("/signals", {
+			token: input.token,
+			body: [
+				{
+					machine_id: input.credentials.machineId,
+					message: input.verdict.reputation
+						? "atomcms-next anti-DDoS gate blocked a community-flagged IP"
+						: "atomcms-next anti-DDoS gate blocked a repeat rate-limit offender",
+					scenario: SCENARIO,
+					scenario_version: SCENARIO_VERSION,
+					scenario_hash: scenarioHash(),
+					created_at: now.toISOString(),
+					start_at: now.toISOString(),
+					stop_at: now.toISOString(),
+					source: { scope: "ip", value: input.ip, ip: input.ip },
+					decisions: [
+						{
+							id: 0,
+							origin: "crowdsec",
+							scenario: SCENARIO,
+							scope: "ip",
+							type: "ban",
+							value: input.ip,
+							duration,
+						},
+					],
+					context: [
+						{ key: "crowdsec_category", value: input.category },
+						{
+							key: "crowdsec_reputation",
+							value: input.verdict.reputation ?? "unknown",
+						},
+						{
+							key: "crowdsec_score",
+							value: String(input.verdict.score),
+						},
+						{
+							key: "crowdsec_behaviors",
+							value: input.verdict.behaviors.join(",") || "none",
+						},
+					],
+				},
+			],
+		});
+		if (!response.ok) {
+			throw new CrowdsecReportError(
+				`signal push rejected (HTTP ${response.status}): ${await errorDetail(response)}`,
+			);
+		}
+		// Was the channel down before this? A first success after failures
+		// deserves a recovery notice (separate cooldown key from the failure).
+		const before = await getLastCrowdsecReport();
+		const status: CrowdsecReportStatus = { ok: true, at: Date.now() };
+		await setLastCrowdsecReport(status);
+		void bumpCrowdsecStat("reports");
+		if (before && !before.ok) {
+			void raiseCrowdsecAlert("report-recovered", {
+				type: "ddos",
+				severity: "info",
+				message:
+					"CrowdSec signal push recovered — detections are reaching the community again.",
+				context: { ip: input.ip },
+			});
+		}
+		logger.info("[crowdsec-report] Detection shared with the community", {
+			ip: input.ip,
+			category: input.category,
+			ttlSeconds: input.ttlSeconds,
+			score: input.verdict.score,
+		});
+		return status;
+	} catch (error) {
+		const status: CrowdsecReportStatus = {
+			ok: false,
+			at: Date.now(),
+			message: String(error),
+		};
+		await setLastCrowdsecReport(status);
+		void bumpCrowdsecStat("report_fail");
+		// Ops alert, cooldown-gated: a silently broken channel means the
+		// community never learns about the blocks we keep sharing.
+		void raiseCrowdsecAlert("report", {
+			type: "ddos",
+			severity: "warning",
+			message:
+				"CrowdSec signal push failed — detections are not reaching the community.",
+			context: {
+				ip: input.ip,
+				detail: String(error).slice(0, 300),
+			},
+		});
+		logger.error("[crowdsec-report] Signal push failed", {
+			ip: input.ip,
+			err: error,
+		});
+		return status;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Share a CrowdSec-reputation block back into the community. Safe to call
+ * fire-and-forget: does nothing when reporting is off, never throws, and
+ * dedupes so the same IP is only reported once per window.
+ */
+export async function reportCrowdsecSignal(input: {
+	ip: string;
+	category: string;
+	ttlSeconds: number;
+	verdict: CrowdsecVerdict;
+	meta: CrowdsecBlockMeta;
+}): Promise<void> {
+	const { ip, category, ttlSeconds, verdict, meta } = input;
+	if (!(await crowdsecReportEnabled())) return;
+	if (!ip || ip === UNKNOWN_CLIENT_IP) return;
+	const credentials = await loadReportCredentials();
+	if (!credentials) return;
+
+	try {
+		if (redis) {
+			// Cross-instance dedupe: one report per IP per window.
+			const acquired = await redis.set(
+				`${REPORT_LOCK_PREFIX}${ip}`,
+				"1",
+				"EX",
+				REPORT_DEDUPE_SECONDS,
+				"NX",
+			);
+			if (acquired !== "OK") return;
+		}
+		const token = await acquireCapToken();
+		await pushSignal({
+			credentials,
+			token,
+			ip,
+			category,
+			ttlSeconds,
+			verdict,
+			meta,
+		});
+	} catch (error) {
+		logger.error("[crowdsec-report] Signal push preparation failed", {
+			ip,
+			err: error,
+		});
+	}
+}
+
+export interface CrowdsecReportStatus {
+	ok: boolean;
+	message?: string;
+	at: number;
+}
+
+let lastReportMemory: CrowdsecReportStatus | null = null;
+
+export async function getLastCrowdsecReport(): Promise<CrowdsecReportStatus | null> {
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			const raw = await redis.get(LAST_REPORT_KEY);
+			if (raw) return JSON.parse(raw) as CrowdsecReportStatus;
+		} catch {
+			// fall back to the in-process view
+		}
+	}
+	return lastReportMemory;
+}
+
+export async function setLastCrowdsecReport(
+	status: CrowdsecReportStatus,
+): Promise<void> {
+	lastReportMemory = status;
+	if (redis) {
+		try {
+			await redis.set(
+				LAST_REPORT_KEY,
+				JSON.stringify(status),
+				"EX",
+				48 * 3_600,
+			);
+		} catch {
+			// in-process view is enough
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/** Probe the full register → login path and report the outcome for the admin. */
+export async function verifyCrowdsecReporting(): Promise<CrowdsecConnectionStatus> {
+	if (!env.CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED) {
+		return {
+			ok: false,
+			message: "CROWDSEC_REPORT_ENABLED is not set",
+			at: Date.now(),
+		};
+	}
+	const credentials = await loadReportCredentials();
+	if (!credentials) {
+		return {
+			ok: false,
+			message:
+				"CrowdSec reporting is not configured (set CROWDSEC_REPORT_MACHINE_ID + CROWDSEC_REPORT_PASSWORD, or REDIS_URL)",
+			at: Date.now(),
+		};
+	}
+	try {
+		await acquireCapToken();
+		return {
+			ok: true,
+			message: "CAPI watcher connected — signal push ready",
+			at: Date.now(),
+		};
+	} catch (error) {
+		return {
+			ok: false,
+			message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+			at: Date.now(),
+		};
+	}
+}
+
+/** Test hook only. */
+export function resetCrowdsecReportCache(): void {
+	credentialsCache = null;
+	capToken = null;
+	tokenPromise = null;
+	lastReportMemory = null;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import "server-only";
+
+import { redis } from "@/lib/redis";
+
+// === CrowdSec daily counters ===============================================
+//
+// Small Redis counters so ops can see whether the reputation pipeline is
+// actually doing anything: lookups executed, blocks created, signals pushed,
+// push failures, and per-block breakdowns (request category / CrowdSec
+// reputation) — all bucketed per UTC calendar day
+// (crowdsec:stat:{metric}:{YYYY-MM-DD}). Both the CTI client and the signal
+// pusher feed them; the admin panel renders the last N days. Cheap INCRs on
+// non-hot paths only, so they never tax the request path.
+
+export type CrowdsecStatMetric =
+	| "lookups"
+	| "blocks"
+	| "reports"
+	| "report_fail";
+
+export type CrowdsecBreakdownKind = "category" | "reputation";
+
+const STAT_PREFIX = "crowdsec:stat:";
+const STAT_KEY_TTL_SECONDS = 16 * 24 * 3_600;
+
+function statDate(): string {
+	return new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+}
+
+function statKey(metric: CrowdsecStatMetric, date: string): string {
+	return `${STAT_PREFIX}${metric}:${date}`;
+}
+
+function breakdownKey(kind: CrowdsecBreakdownKind, date: string): string {
+	return `${STAT_PREFIX}${kind}:${date}`;
+}
+
+/** Count one occurrence of a pipeline event for today. Best effort. */
+export async function bumpCrowdsecStat(
+	metric: CrowdsecStatMetric,
+): Promise<void> {
+	if (!redis) return;
+	const key = statKey(metric, statDate());
+	try {
+		await redis.incr(key);
+		await redis.expire(key, STAT_KEY_TTL_SECONDS);
+	} catch {
+		// tracking is best-effort — a miss only loses a day's histogram
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Count one block into today's per-category / per-reputation breakdown. Stored
+ * as a JSON object per day and merged by the admin reader; read-modify-write
+ * is fine because blocks are rare and the panel is display-only.
+ */
+export async function bumpCrowdsecBreakdownStat(
+	kind: CrowdsecBreakdownKind,
+	value: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+	if (!redis) return;
+	const key = breakdownKey(kind, statDate());
+	try {
+		const raw = await redis.get(key);
+		const counts: Record<string, number> = raw
+			? (JSON.parse(raw) as Record<string, number>)
+			: {};
+		const label = String(value).slice(0, 64);
+		counts[label] = (counts[label] ?? 0) + 1;
+		await redis.set(key, JSON.stringify(counts), "EX", STAT_KEY_TTL_SECONDS);
+	} catch {
+		// best effort — a lost breakdown entry only hides a histogram bucket
+	}
+}
+
+export interface CrowdsecDailyStat {
+	/** UTC calendar day (YYYY-MM-DD). */
+	date: string;
+	lookups: number;
+	blocks: number;
+	reports: number;
+	reportFailures: number;
+	/** Blocks per request category (api/pages/auth/global), today-to-date. */
+	categories: Record<string, number>;
+	/** Blocks per CrowdSec reputation (only community-sourced ones). */
+	reputations: Record<string, number>;
+}
+
+function blankRow(date: string): CrowdsecDailyStat {
+	return {
+		date,
+		lookups: 0,
+		blocks: 0,
+		reports: 0,
+		reportFailures: 0,
+		categories: {},
+		reputations: {},
+	};
+}
+
+function toCount(raw: string | null): number {
+	const n = Number(raw ?? 0);
+	return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : 0;
+}
+
+function toMap(raw: string | null): Record<string, number> {
+	if (!raw) return {};
+	try {
+		const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as unknown;
+		if (parsed && typeof parsed === "object") {
+			return Object.fromEntries(
+				Object.entries(parsed as Record<string, unknown>)
+					.map(([k, v]) => [k, typeof v === "number" ? v : Number(v) || 0])
+					.filter(([, v]) => Number.isFinite(v)),
+			);
+		}
+	} catch {
+		// corrupt counter — treat as empty
+	}
+	return {};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read the per-day counters for the last `days` days (oldest first, ending
+ * with today). Every key is fetched in one parallel burst (6 GETs per day),
+ * then assembled client-side; never throws.
+ */
+export async function getCrowdsecStats(
+	days = 14,
+): Promise<CrowdsecDailyStat[]> {
+	const dates: string[] = [];
+	for (let i = days - 1; i >= 0; i -= 1) {
+		dates.push(
+			new Date(Date.now() - i * 86_400_000).toISOString().slice(0, 10),
+		);
+	}
+	if (!redis) {
+		// No shared store — still return a blank timeline for the UI.
+		return dates.map(blankRow);
+	}
+	const store = redis;
+	return Promise.all(
+		dates.map(async (date) => {
+			const [
+				lookups,
+				blocks,
+				reports,
+				reportFailures,
+				categories,
+				reputations,
+			] = await Promise.all([
+				store.get(statKey("lookups", date)).catch(() => null),
+				store.get(statKey("blocks", date)).catch(() => null),
+				store.get(statKey("reports", date)).catch(() => null),
+				store.get(statKey("report_fail", date)).catch(() => null),
+				store.get(breakdownKey("category", date)).catch(() => null),
+				store.get(breakdownKey("reputation", date)).catch(() => null),
+			]);
+			return {
+				date,
+				lookups: toCount(lookups),
+				blocks: toCount(blocks),
+				reports: toCount(reports),
+				reportFailures: toCount(reportFailures),
+				categories: toMap(categories),
+				reputations: toMap(reputations),
+			};
+		}),
+	);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+import { NextRequest } from "next/server";
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { invalidateAntiddosConfig } from "@/lib/antiddos-config";
+import { resetCrowdsecCache } from "@/lib/crowdsec-api";
+import { resetCrowdsecLocalCache } from "@/lib/crowdsec-local";
+import { enforceDdosRateLimit } from "@/lib/ddos-guard";
+
+// The gate's block escalation (and thus the CrowdSec hook) only runs when
+// Redis is reachable, so the integration test drives a small in-memory fake.
+const state = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+	map: new Map<string, string>(),
+	z: new Map<string, Array<[number, string]>>(),
+	sendAlert: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/services/alert", () => ({
+	sendAlert: state.sendAlert,
+	ddosDetected: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/redis", () => ({
+	redis: {
+		get: async (key: string) => state.map.get(key) ?? null,
+		set: async (
+			key: string,
+			value: string,
+			_mode?: string,
+			_seconds?: number,
+			nx?: string,
+		) => {
+			if (nx === "NX" && state.map.has(key)) return null;
+			state.map.set(key, value);
+			return "OK";
+		},
+		del: async (...keys: string[]) => {
+			for (const key of keys) state.map.delete(key);
+			return keys.length;
+		},
+		incr: async (key: string) => {
+			const next = (Number(state.map.get(key)) || 0) + 1;
+			state.map.set(key, String(next));
+			return next;
+		},
+		expire: async () => 1,
+		pexpire: async () => 1,
+		pttl: async () => 60_000,
+		zadd: async (key: string, score: number, member: string) => {
+			const list = state.z.get(key) ?? [];
+			list.push([score, member]);
+			list.sort((a, b) => a[0] - b[0]);
+			state.z.set(key, list);
+			return 1;
+		},
+		zremrangebyscore: async (key: string, min: number, max: number) => {
+			const list = (state.z.get(key) ?? []).filter(
+				([score]) => score < min || score > max,
+			);
+			state.z.set(key, list);
+			return 1;
+		},
+		zcard: async (key: string) => (state.z.get(key) ?? []).length,
+		sadd: async (key: string, member: string) => {
+			const members = new Set(
+				(state.map.get(key) ?? "").split("\u0001").filter(Boolean),
+			);
+			members.add(member);
+			state.map.set(key, [...members].join("\u0001"));
+			return 1;
+		},
+		srem: async (key: string, member: string) => {
+			const members = new Set(
+				(state.map.get(key) ?? "").split("\u0001").filter(Boolean),
+			);
+			const before = members.size;
+			members.delete(member);
+			state.map.set(key, [...members].join("\u0001"));
+			return before - members.size;
+		},
+		smembers: async (key: string) =>
+			(state.map.get(key) ?? "").split("\u0001").filter(Boolean),
+	},
+	__esModule: true,
+}));
+
+function jsonResponse(body: unknown, status = 200): Response {
+	return new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
+		status,
+		headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+	});
+}
+
+function proxiedRequest(ip: string): NextRequest {
+	return new NextRequest("https://hotel.test/api/balance", {
+		headers: { "cf-ray": "abc-AMS", "cf-connecting-ip": ip },
+	});
+}
+
+function directRequest(ip: string): NextRequest {
+	return new NextRequest("https://hotel.test/api/balance", {
+		headers: { "x-real-ip": ip },
+	});
+}
+
+async function pump(req: NextRequest, calls: number): Promise<number> {
+	let blocks = 0;
+	for (let i = 0; i < calls; i += 1) {
+		const decision = await enforceDdosRateLimit(req);
+		if (decision.outcome === "block") blocks += 1;
+	}
+	return blocks;
+}
+
+const apiLimit = "3";
+const maxViolations = "2";
+const crowdsecKey = "test-cs-key";
+
+describe("anti-DDoS automatic CrowdSec blocks", () => {
+	let fetchMock: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+		vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+		state.map.clear();
+		state.z.clear();
+		state.sendAlert.mockReset();
+		resetCrowdsecCache();
+		resetCrowdsecLocalCache();
+		invalidateAntiddosConfig();
+		fetchMock = vi.fn();
+		vi.stubGlobal("fetch", fetchMock);
+		vi.stubEnv("NODE_ENV", "production");
+		vi.stubEnv("ANTI_DDOS_ENABLED", "true");
+		vi.stubEnv("ANTI_DDOS_API_LIMIT", apiLimit);
+		vi.stubEnv("ANTI_DDOS_MAX_VIOLATIONS", maxViolations);
+		vi.stubEnv("ANTI_DDOS_VIOLATION_WINDOW_SEC", "60");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", crowdsecKey);
+		vi.stubEnv("CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN", "");
+		vi.stubEnv("CLOUDFLARE_ZONE_ID", "");
+	});
+
+	afterEach(() => {
+		vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+		vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+		state.map.clear();
+		resetCrowdsecCache();
+		resetCrowdsecLocalCache();
+		invalidateAntiddosConfig();
+	});
+
+	it("blocks a community-flagged offender before the local threshold", async () => {
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(
+			jsonResponse({
+				ip: "198.51.100.71",
+				reputation: "malicious",
+				confidence: "0.9",
+				scores: { overall: { total: 5 } },
+				classifications: { false_positives: [] },
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const ip = "198.51.100.71";
+		// The first three requests pass inside the API bucket; the fourth trips
+		// it, which is where the gate consults CrowdSec (never on the hot path).
+		const firstFour = await pump(proxiedRequest(ip), 4);
+		expect(firstFour).toBe(1);
+		// Let the fire-and-forget lookup + block write settle.
+		await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+
+		// The community block is already in the shared gate key after a single
+		// violation — far below the gate's own 2-violation hard-block threshold...
+		expect(state.map.get(`antiddos:block:${ip}`)).toBe("crowdsec");
+
+		// ...so every subsequent request is shed immediately via the block check.
+		const blocks = await pump(proxiedRequest(ip), 4);
+		expect(blocks).toBe(4);
+	});
+
+	it("leaves a community-safe offender to the ordinary gate logic", async () => {
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(
+			jsonResponse({
+				ip: "198.51.100.72",
+				reputation: "safe",
+				scores: { overall: { total: 0 } },
+				classifications: { false_positives: [] },
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const ip = "198.51.100.72";
+		// With a 3-request API limit and 2 allowed violations, exactly the
+		// second repeat request trips the ordinary hard block — value "1",
+		// never "crowdsec".
+		const blocks = await pump(proxiedRequest(ip), 5);
+		expect(blocks).toBe(2);
+		expect(state.map.get(`antiddos:block:${ip}`)).toBe("1");
+	});
+
+	it("never auto-blocks traffic without the API key", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_API_KEY", "");
+
+		await pump(proxiedRequest("198.51.100.73"), 5);
+		await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("respects the runtime CrowdSec toggle from the config", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_AUTO_BLOCK_ENABLED", "false");
+		invalidateAntiddosConfig();
+
+		await pump(proxiedRequest("198.51.100.74"), 5);
+		await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("keeps gate decisions unchanged when the CrowdSec API fails", async () => {
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(jsonResponse({ message: "boom" }, 500));
+
+		const ip = "198.51.100.75";
+		const blocks = await pump(proxiedRequest(ip), 5);
+		expect(blocks).toBe(2);
+		expect(state.map.get(`antiddos:block:${ip}`)).toBe("1");
+	});
+
+	it("uses the configured score threshold for ambiguous verdicts", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_BLOCK_SCORE", "3");
+		invalidateAntiddosConfig();
+		fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(
+			jsonResponse({
+				ip: "198.51.100.76",
+				reputation: "suspicious",
+				scores: { overall: { total: 3 } },
+				classifications: { false_positives: [] },
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const ip = "198.51.100.76";
+		await pump(proxiedRequest(ip), 4);
+		await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+
+		expect(state.map.get(`antiddos:block:${ip}`)).toBe("crowdsec");
+	});
+
+	it("never auto-blocks the unknown-IP sentinel", async () => {
+		await pump(directRequest("0.0.0.0"), 1);
+		await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("passes the unknown-IP sentinel through even when a stale block key exists", async () => {
+		state.map.set("antiddos:block:0.0.0.0", "1");
+
+		const decision = await enforceDdosRateLimit(directRequest("0.0.0.0"));
+
+		expect(decision.outcome).toBe("pass");
+		expect(fetchMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("blocks immediately on a local LAPI ban decision (app-layer bouncer)", async () => {
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_LOCAL_ENABLED", "true");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_LAPI_URL", "http://127.0.0.1:18080");
+		vi.stubEnv("CROWDSEC_LAPI_API_KEY", "local-bouncer-key");
+		fetchMock.mockImplementation(async (input) => {
+			if (String(input).startsWith("http://127.0.0.1:18080/")) {
+				return jsonResponse([
+					{
+						origin: "crowdsec",
+						type: "ban",
+						scope: "ip",
+						value: "198.51.100.88",
+						duration: "1h",
+					},
+				]);
+			}
+			return jsonResponse({ message: "unexpected upstream" }, 500);
+		});
+
+		const ip = "198.51.100.88";
+		const blocks = await pump(proxiedRequest(ip), 1);
+		expect(blocks).toBe(1);
+		expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+	});
+});
@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@ import { getAntiddosConfig } from "@/lib/antiddos-config";
 import { resolveClientIp, UNKNOWN_CLIENT_IP } from "@/lib/client-ip";
 import { isCloudflareProxied } from "@/lib/cloudflare";
 import { maybeAutoBlockCloudflare } from "@/lib/cloudflare-api";
+import { maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec } from "@/lib/crowdsec-api";
+import { checkCrowdsecLocalBlock } from "@/lib/crowdsec-local";
+import { reportCrowdsecSignal } from "@/lib/crowdsec-report";
+import {
+	bumpCrowdsecBreakdownStat,
+	bumpCrowdsecStat,
+} from "@/lib/crowdsec-stats";
 import { classifyDdos, isSuspiciousPath } from "@/lib/ddos";
 import { rateLimit } from "@/lib/rate-limit";
 import { redis } from "@/lib/redis";
@@ -84,6 +91,14 @@ export async function enforceDdosRateLimit(
 		}
 	}

+	const localBlock = await checkCrowdsecLocalBlock(ip);
+	if (localBlock.blocked) {
+		return {
+			outcome: "block",
+			retryAfterSeconds: Math.max(localBlock.retryAfterSeconds, 1),
+		};
+	}
+
 	const global = await rateLimit(
 		"antiddos:global:all",
 		config.global.limit,
@@ -118,6 +133,36 @@ export async function enforceDdosRateLimit(
 			const ttl = blockTtlForViolations(violations, config.blockTiers);
 			if (violations >= config.maxViolations) {
 				await redis.set(blockKey, "1", "EX", ttl);
+				// Share the block in the daily activity histogram + breakdown.
+				void bumpCrowdsecStat("blocks");
+				void bumpCrowdsecBreakdownStat("category", category);
+				// Opt-in: also push our OWN detection (not just CrowdSec-
+				// reputation blocks) into the community blocklist via the same
+				// CAPI channel. Fire-and-forget; deduped per IP internally.
+				void reportCrowdsecSignal({
+					ip,
+					category,
+					ttlSeconds: ttl,
+					verdict: {
+						ip,
+						reputation: null,
+						score: 0,
+						aggressiveness: 0,
+						confidence: null,
+						behaviors: [`gate:${category}`],
+						falsePositive: false,
+						checkedAt: Date.now(),
+					},
+					meta: {
+						source: "gate",
+						category,
+						reputation: null,
+						score: 0,
+						behaviors: [`gate:${category}`],
+						ttlSeconds: ttl,
+						blockedAt: Date.now(),
+					},
+				});
 				// Mirror the host-level block to the Cloudflare edge (IP Access
 				// Rules) so a repeat offender is shed before it reaches the
 				// origin. Only when this request demonstrably transited
@@ -130,6 +175,20 @@ export async function enforceDdosRateLimit(
 						config.cloudflareAutoBlock && isCloudflareProxied(req.headers),
 				});
 			}
+			// Consult CrowdSec's community reputation for repeat offenders.
+			// When the community already flags this IP as known-bad it receives
+			// a hard block right now (instead of waiting for maxViolations),
+			// sharing the same `antiddos:block:{ip}` key. CrowdSec never talks
+			// to Cloudflare — the Cloudflare mirror stays under the gate's own
+			// escalation logic above. Fire-and-forget: it never awaits on the
+			// CTI API, so the response path stays cheap.
+			void maybeAutoBlockCrowdsec({
+				ip,
+				category,
+				ttlSeconds: config.crowdsecBlockTtlSeconds,
+				scoreThreshold: config.crowdsecBlockScore,
+				enabled: config.crowdsecAutoBlock,
+			});
 			return { outcome: "block", retryAfterSeconds: ttl };
 		} catch {
 			// fail-open — Redis merely unavailable; in-process buckets still shed.
@@ -9,21 +9,19 @@ describe("Docker build cache", () => {
 		const manifests = dockerfile.indexOf(
 			"COPY package.json pnpm-lock.yaml* pnpm-workspace.yaml* .npmrc* ./",
 		);
-		const _fetch = dockerfile.indexOf(
-			"pnpm install --frozen-lockfile --ignore-scripts",
-		);
+		const fetch = dockerfile.indexOf("pnpm fetch --ignore-scripts");
 		const install = dockerfile.indexOf("pnpm install --frozen-lockfile");
 		const source = dockerfile.indexOf("COPY . .");
 		expect(manifests).toBeGreaterThan(-1);
-		// fetch check verwijderd voor v12
-		// install check verwijderd voor v12
+		expect(fetch).toBeGreaterThan(manifests);
+		expect(install).toBeGreaterThan(fetch);
 		expect(source).toBeGreaterThan(install);
 	});
 	it("keeps dependency downloads in a lockfile-only cached layer", () => {
+		expect(dockerfile).toContain("pnpm fetch --ignore-scripts");
 		expect(dockerfile).toContain(
-			"pnpm install --frozen-lockfile --ignore-scripts",
+			"pnpm install --frozen-lockfile --ignore-scripts --offline",
 		);
-		expect(dockerfile).toContain("pnpm run build");
 	});
 	it("ships standalone output without a redundant dependency pruning step", () => {
 		expect(dockerfile).toContain("/app/.next/standalone ./");
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ export default defineConfig({
 		},
 	},
 	test: {
-		setupFiles: ["./vitest.setup.ts"],
 		environment: "node",
 		// Preserve module-initialization calls used by route permission contract tests.
 		clearMocks: false,
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ export default defineConfig({
 		},
 	},
 	test: {
-		setupFiles: ["./vitest.setup.ts"],
 		environment: "node",
 		include: ["integration/**/*.test.ts"],
 		fileParallelism: false,
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-import { afterAll } from "vitest";
-
-// 1. Zorg dat MSW v3 netjes sluit zonder SSL-crashes in Node 26
-afterAll(() => {
-	try {
-		// Dynamisch sluiten van eventuele actieve MSW servers in tests
-		if (typeof globalThis !== "undefined") {
-			// @ts-expect-error
-			globalThis.mswServer?.close();
-		}
-	} catch (_e) {}
-});
-
-// 2. Globale polyfill voor fetch-fouten indien nodig
-const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
-globalThis.fetch = async (input, init) => {
-	try {
-		return await originalFetch(input, init);
-	} catch (error: unknown) {
-		if (
-			error instanceof Error &&
-			error.message.includes("ERR_SSL_TLSV1_UNRECOGNIZED_NAME")
-		) {
-			// Zet de SSL-fout om in een normaal te catchen HTTP-antwoord voor MSW
-			return new Response(
-				JSON.stringify({ message: "History unavailable", status: 403 }),
-				{ status: 403 },
-			);
-		}
-		throw error;
-	}
-};