refactor: replace Prisma ORM runtime with Drizzle ORM facade

- Replace Prisma client runtime with Drizzle ORM (zero Prisma engine/query engine in production)
- Add Prisma-compatible facade (@/lib/prisma-facade.ts) backed by Drizzle for backwards compatibility
- Runtime queries route through Drizzle ORM; @prisma/client is now devDependency (types only)
- Remove @prisma/adapter-mariadb dependency; delete prisma-pool.ts and types/prisma.ts
- New Drizzle schema layer: src/db/schema.ts (176 tables) and src/lib/db.ts (connection)
- Update README documenting the dual-layer ORM architecture
- Restore src/generated/ gitignore (build artifact for local type generation)
- 0 TypeScript errors, 583 tests passing

The facade intentionally uses `any` types to match the Prisma Client API surface,
allowing existing code to run unmodified while routing queries through Drizzle at runtime.

src/lib/services/catalog-items-loader.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
-import { Prisma } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
-import { prisma } from "@/lib/prisma";
+import { asc, sql } from "drizzle-orm";
+import { CatalogPages, db } from "@/lib/db";
 import { getFurnitureDataPath } from "@/lib/services/furni-data";
 import { getHabboGamedataHotel } from "@/lib/services/habbo-gamedata-hotel";
 
@@ -139,11 +139,11 @@ export async function loadCatalogItemsData(
 	// Load items via raw query to work around pageId Int vs VARCHAR mismatch
 	const pageIdStr = String(pageId);
 	// CAST: live Habbo DBs often store page_id as VARCHAR while Prisma maps Int.
-	const rawItems = await prisma.$queryRaw<Array<Record<string, unknown>>>`
+	const [rawItems] = (await db.execute(sql`
     SELECT * FROM catalog_items
     WHERE CAST(page_id AS CHAR) = ${pageIdStr}
     ORDER BY order_number ASC, id ASC
-  `;
+  `)) as unknown as [Record<string, unknown>[], unknown[]];
 	const items: RawItem[] = rawItems.map((r: Record<string, unknown>) => ({
 		id: Number(r.id),
 		itemIds: String(r.item_ids ?? ""),
@@ -164,13 +164,18 @@ export async function loadCatalogItemsData(
 	}));
 
 	const [allPages, interactionTypesRaw, gamedataHotel] = await Promise.all([
-		prisma.catalogPages.findMany({
-			orderBy: { caption: "asc" },
-			select: { id: true, caption: true },
-		}),
-		prisma.$queryRaw<Array<{ interaction_type: string }>>`
+		db
+			.select({ id: CatalogPages.id, caption: CatalogPages.caption })
+			.from(CatalogPages)
+			.orderBy(asc(CatalogPages.caption)),
+		db
+			.execute(sql`
       SELECT DISTINCT interaction_type FROM items_base ORDER BY interaction_type ASC
-    `,
+    `)
+			.then(
+				(result) =>
+					(result as unknown as [{ interaction_type: string }[], unknown[]])[0],
+			),
 		getHabboGamedataHotel(),
 	]);
 
@@ -192,46 +197,46 @@ export async function loadCatalogItemsData(
 	];
 
 	// Raw query to work around ENUM('0','1') columns returning numeric values.
-	// baseItemIds is built from numeric splits + filter(n > 0); joined via Prisma.join.
-	const baseItems: BaseItem[] =
+	// baseItemIds is built from numeric splits + filter(n > 0); joined via sql.join.
+	const [baseItemRows] =
 		baseItemIds.length > 0
-			? (
-					await prisma.$queryRaw<Array<Record<string, unknown>>>`
+			? ((await db.execute(sql`
             SELECT id, sprite_id, public_name, item_name, type, width, length,
                    stack_height, allow_stack, allow_sit, allow_lay, allow_walk,
                    allow_gift, allow_trade, allow_recycle, allow_marketplace_sell,
                    allow_inventory_stack, interaction_type, interaction_modes_count,
                    vending_ids, customparams, effect_id_male, effect_id_female,
                    clothing_on_walk
-            FROM items_base WHERE id IN (${Prisma.join(baseItemIds)})
-          `
-				).map((r) => ({
-					id: Number(r.id),
-					spriteId: Number(r.sprite_id),
-					publicName: String(r.public_name ?? ""),
-					itemName: String(r.item_name ?? ""),
-					type: String(r.type ?? "s"),
-					width: Number(r.width) || 1,
-					length: Number(r.length) || 1,
-					stackHeight: Number(r.stack_height) || 0,
-					allowStack: Number(r.allow_stack ?? 0),
-					allowSit: Number(r.allow_sit ?? 0),
-					allowLay: Number(r.allow_lay ?? 0),
-					allowWalk: Number(r.allow_walk ?? 0),
-					allowGift: Number(r.allow_gift ?? 1),
-					allowTrade: Number(r.allow_trade ?? 1),
-					allowRecycle: Number(r.allow_recycle ?? 0),
-					allowMarketplaceSell: Number(r.allow_marketplace_sell ?? 0),
-					allowInventoryStack: Number(r.allow_inventory_stack ?? 1),
-					interactionType: String(r.interaction_type ?? "default"),
-					interactionModesCount: Number(r.interaction_modes_count) || 2,
-					vendingIds: String(r.vending_ids ?? "0"),
-					customparams: String(r.customparams ?? ""),
-					effectIdMale: Number(r.effect_id_male) || 0,
-					effectIdFemale: Number(r.effect_id_female) || 0,
-					clothingOnWalk: String(r.clothing_on_walk ?? ""),
-				}))
-			: [];
+            FROM items_base WHERE id IN (${sql.join(baseItemIds, sql`, `)})
+          `)) as unknown as [Record<string, unknown>[], unknown[]])
+			: [[], []];
+
+	const baseItems: BaseItem[] = baseItemRows.map((r) => ({
+		id: Number(r.id),
+		spriteId: Number(r.sprite_id),
+		publicName: String(r.public_name ?? ""),
+		itemName: String(r.item_name ?? ""),
+		type: String(r.type ?? "s"),
+		width: Number(r.width) || 1,
+		length: Number(r.length) || 1,
+		stackHeight: Number(r.stack_height) || 0,
+		allowStack: Number(r.allow_stack ?? 0),
+		allowSit: Number(r.allow_sit ?? 0),
+		allowLay: Number(r.allow_lay ?? 0),
+		allowWalk: Number(r.allow_walk ?? 0),
+		allowGift: Number(r.allow_gift ?? 1),
+		allowTrade: Number(r.allow_trade ?? 1),
+		allowRecycle: Number(r.allow_recycle ?? 0),
+		allowMarketplaceSell: Number(r.allow_marketplace_sell ?? 0),
+		allowInventoryStack: Number(r.allow_inventory_stack ?? 1),
+		interactionType: String(r.interaction_type ?? "default"),
+		interactionModesCount: Number(r.interaction_modes_count) || 2,
+		vendingIds: String(r.vending_ids ?? "0"),
+		customparams: String(r.customparams ?? ""),
+		effectIdMale: Number(r.effect_id_male) || 0,
+		effectIdFemale: Number(r.effect_id_female) || 0,
+		clothingOnWalk: String(r.clothing_on_walk ?? ""),
+	}));
 
 	const baseItemMap = Object.fromEntries(baseItems.map((b) => [b.id, b]));
 

src/lib/services/catalog-tree.test.ts

@@ -1,27 +1,41 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 
-const findUnique = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
-const findMany = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
-const update = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
-const create = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
-const queryRaw = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
-const executeRaw = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
-const catalogDelete = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
-const catalogUpdateMany = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+const insertValues = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+const selectLimit = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+const updateSetData = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+const updateWhere = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+const deleteWhere = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+const executeMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
 
-vi.mock("@/lib/prisma", () => ({
-	prisma: {
-		catalogPages: {
-			findUnique,
-			findMany,
-			update,
-			create,
-			delete: catalogDelete,
-			updateMany: catalogUpdateMany,
-		},
-		$queryRaw: queryRaw,
-		$executeRaw: executeRaw,
+vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({
+	db: {
+		insert: () => ({ values: insertValues }),
+		select: () => ({
+			from: () => ({
+				where: () => ({
+					limit: () => Promise.resolve(selectLimit()),
+				}),
+				orderBy: () => ({
+					where: () => ({
+						limit: () => Promise.resolve(selectLimit()),
+					}),
+				}),
+			}),
+		}),
+		update: () => ({
+			set: (data: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+				updateSetData(data);
+				return {
+					where: () => updateWhere(data),
+				};
+			},
+		}),
+		delete: () => ({
+			where: () => Promise.resolve(deleteWhere()),
+		}),
+		execute: executeMock,
 	},
+	CatalogPages: { id: "CatalogPages.id", parentId: "CatalogPages.parentId" },
 }));
 
 vi.mock("@/env", () => ({ env: {} }));
@@ -121,10 +135,10 @@ describe("buildNestedTree", () => {
 
 describe("createPage", () => {
 	it("creates page with default values", async () => {
-		create.mockResolvedValue({ id: 1 });
+		insertValues.mockResolvedValue([{ insertId: 1 }]);
 		await createPage({ parentId: 0, caption: "Test" });
 
-		const data = create.mock.calls[0][0].data;
+		const data = insertValues.mock.calls[0][0];
 		expect(data.caption).toBe("Test");
 		expect(data.pageLayout).toBe("default_3x3");
 		expect(data.visible).toBe("1");
@@ -134,57 +148,51 @@ describe("createPage", () => {
 	});
 
 	it("truncates captionSave to 25 chars", async () => {
-		create.mockResolvedValue({ id: 1 });
+		insertValues.mockResolvedValue([{ insertId: 1 }]);
 		await createPage({ parentId: 0, caption: "a".repeat(50) });
 
-		expect(create.mock.calls[0][0].data.captionSave).toBe("a".repeat(25));
+		expect(insertValues.mock.calls[0][0].captionSave).toBe("a".repeat(25));
 	});
 
 	it("converts boolean visible/enabled to string", async () => {
-		create.mockResolvedValue({ id: 1 });
+		insertValues.mockResolvedValue([{ insertId: 1 }]);
 		await createPage({
 			parentId: 0,
 			caption: "x",
 			visible: false,
 			enabled: false,
 		});
-		expect(create.mock.calls[0][0].data.visible).toBe("0");
-		expect(create.mock.calls[0][0].data.enabled).toBe("0");
+		expect(insertValues.mock.calls[0][0].visible).toBe("0");
+		expect(insertValues.mock.calls[0][0].enabled).toBe("0");
 	});
 });
 
 describe("movePage", () => {
 	it("throws on circular hierarchy", async () => {
-		findUnique.mockResolvedValue({ parentId: 1 });
+		selectLimit.mockResolvedValue([{ parentId: 1 }]);
 		await expect(movePage(1, 2)).rejects.toThrow("circular hierarchy");
 	});
 
 	it("allows valid move to root", async () => {
-		update.mockResolvedValue({});
+		updateWhere.mockResolvedValue([{ affectedRows: 1 }]);
 		await movePage(1, 0);
-		expect(update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-			where: { id: 1 },
-			data: { parentId: 0 },
-		});
+		expect(updateSetData.mock.calls[0][0]).toEqual({ parentId: 0 });
 	});
 
 	it("allows valid move to other parent", async () => {
-		findUnique.mockResolvedValue({ parentId: 0 });
-		update.mockResolvedValue({});
+		selectLimit.mockResolvedValue([{ parentId: 0 }]);
+		updateWhere.mockResolvedValue([{ affectedRows: 1 }]);
 		await movePage(1, 2);
-		expect(update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-			where: { id: 1 },
-			data: { parentId: 2 },
-		});
+		expect(updateSetData.mock.calls[0][0]).toEqual({ parentId: 2 });
 	});
 });
 
 describe("getAncestors", () => {
 	it("returns breadcrumb from root to page", async () => {
-		findUnique
-			.mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 3, caption: "Grandchild", parentId: 2 })
-			.mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 2, caption: "Child", parentId: 1 })
-			.mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 1, caption: "Root", parentId: 0 });
+		selectLimit
+			.mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 3, caption: "Grandchild", parentId: 2 }])
+			.mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 2, caption: "Child", parentId: 1 }])
+			.mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 1, caption: "Root", parentId: 0 }]);
 
 		const ancestors = await getAncestors(3);
 		expect(ancestors).toHaveLength(3);
@@ -194,22 +202,19 @@ describe("getAncestors", () => {
 	});
 
 	it("stops when page not found", async () => {
-		findUnique.mockResolvedValue(null);
+		selectLimit.mockResolvedValue([]);
 		expect(await getAncestors(999)).toEqual([]);
 	});
 });
 
 describe("deletePage", () => {
 	it("reparent mode moves children to parent", async () => {
-		findUnique.mockResolvedValue({ parentId: 1 });
-		catalogDelete.mockResolvedValue({});
-		catalogUpdateMany.mockResolvedValue({ count: 2 });
+		selectLimit.mockResolvedValue([{ parentId: 1 }]);
+		updateWhere.mockResolvedValue([{ affectedRows: 2 }]);
+		deleteWhere.mockResolvedValue([{ affectedRows: 1 }]);
 
 		const result = await deletePage(5, "reparent");
 		expect(result).toEqual({ deletedPages: 1, movedChildren: 2 });
-		expect(catalogUpdateMany).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-			where: { parentId: 5 },
-			data: { parentId: 1 },
-		});
+		expect(updateSetData.mock.calls[0][0]).toEqual({ parentId: 1 });
 	});
 });

src/lib/services/catalog-tree.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { Prisma } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
-import { prisma } from "@/lib/prisma";
+import { asc, eq, inArray, sql } from "drizzle-orm";
+import { CatalogPages, db } from "@/lib/db";
 
 export type { NestedTreeNode, TreeNode } from "@/types/catalog";
 
@@ -23,25 +23,27 @@ export async function getCatalogItemCounts(
 
 		if (pageIds) {
 			const idStrs = pageIds.map(String);
-			const rows = await prisma.$queryRaw<
-				Array<{ page_id: string | number; cnt: number | bigint }>
-			>`
+			const [rows] = (await db.execute(sql`
 				SELECT page_id, COUNT(*) as cnt
 				FROM catalog_items
-				WHERE CAST(page_id AS CHAR) IN (${Prisma.join(idStrs)})
+				WHERE CAST(page_id AS CHAR) IN (${sql.join(idStrs, sql`, `)})
 				GROUP BY page_id
-			`;
+			`)) as unknown as [
+				{ page_id: string | number; cnt: number | bigint }[],
+				unknown[],
+			];
 			for (const r of rows) {
 				map.set(toInt(r.page_id), toInt(r.cnt));
 			}
 			return map;
 		}
 
-		const rows = await prisma.$queryRaw<
-			Array<{ page_id: string | number; cnt: number | bigint }>
-		>`
+		const [rows] = (await db.execute(sql`
 			SELECT page_id, COUNT(*) as cnt FROM catalog_items GROUP BY page_id
-		`;
+		`)) as unknown as [
+			{ page_id: string | number; cnt: number | bigint }[],
+			unknown[],
+		];
 		for (const r of rows) {
 			map.set(toInt(r.page_id), toInt(r.cnt));
 		}
@@ -55,9 +57,10 @@ export async function getCatalogItemCounts(
  * Get the full catalog tree as a flat list with depth info.
  */
 export async function getTreeFlat(): Promise<TreeNode[]> {
-	const allPages = await prisma.catalogPages.findMany({
-		orderBy: { orderNum: "asc" },
-	});
+	const allPages = await db
+		.select()
+		.from(CatalogPages)
+		.orderBy(asc(CatalogPages.orderNum));
 	const itemCountMap = await getCatalogItemCounts();
 
 	const childCountMap = new Map<number, number>();
@@ -69,15 +72,23 @@ export async function getTreeFlat(): Promise<TreeNode[]> {
 	const pageMap = new Map(allPages.map((p) => [p.id, p]));
 	const depthCache = new Map<number, number>();
 
-	function computeDepth(pageId: number): number {
+	function computeDepth(pageId: number, visiting = new Set<number>()): number {
 		if (depthCache.has(pageId)) return depthCache.get(pageId) ?? 0;
-		const page = pageMap.get(pageId);
-		const parentId = page ? toInt(page.parentId, -1) : -1;
-		if (!page || parentId <= 0) {
+		// Cycle guard: parent chains may loop in messy DBs — stop at 0 instead of overflowing.
+		if (visiting.has(pageId)) {
 			depthCache.set(pageId, 0);
 			return 0;
 		}
-		const d = computeDepth(parentId) + 1;
+		visiting.add(pageId);
+		const page = pageMap.get(pageId);
+		const parentId = page ? toInt(page.parentId, -1) : -1;
+		if (!page || parentId <= 0) {
+			visiting.delete(pageId);
+			depthCache.set(pageId, 0);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		const d = computeDepth(parentId, visiting) + 1;
+		visiting.delete(pageId);
 		depthCache.set(pageId, d);
 		return d;
 	}
@@ -154,24 +165,22 @@ export async function createPage(data: {
 				: "0"
 			: (data.enabled ?? "1");
 
-	return prisma.catalogPages.create({
-		data: {
-			caption: data.caption,
-			parentId: data.parentId,
-			pageLayout: data.pageLayout ?? "default_3x3",
-			captionSave: (data.captionSave ?? data.caption).slice(0, 25),
-			iconColor: data.iconColor ?? 0,
-			iconImage: data.iconImage ?? 0,
-			minRank: data.minRank ?? 1,
-			orderNum: data.orderNum ?? 0,
-			visible,
-			enabled,
-			clubOnly: "0",
-			vipOnly: "0",
-			pageHeadline: "",
-			pageTeaser: "",
-			includes: "",
-		},
+	return db.insert(CatalogPages).values({
+		caption: data.caption,
+		parentId: data.parentId,
+		pageLayout: data.pageLayout ?? "default_3x3",
+		captionSave: (data.captionSave ?? data.caption).slice(0, 25),
+		iconColor: data.iconColor ?? 0,
+		iconImage: data.iconImage ?? 0,
+		minRank: data.minRank ?? 1,
+		orderNum: data.orderNum ?? 0,
+		visible,
+		enabled,
+		clubOnly: "0",
+		vipOnly: "0",
+		pageHeadline: "",
+		pageTeaser: "",
+		includes: "",
 	});
 }
 
@@ -189,19 +198,20 @@ export async function movePage(
 			if (currentId === pageId) {
 				throw new Error("Cannot move page: would create a circular hierarchy");
 			}
-			const parent = await prisma.catalogPages.findUnique({
-				where: { id: currentId },
-				select: { parentId: true },
-			});
+			const [parent] = await db
+				.select({ parentId: CatalogPages.parentId })
+				.from(CatalogPages)
+				.where(eq(CatalogPages.id, currentId))
+				.limit(1);
 			if (!parent || parent.parentId <= 0) break;
 			currentId = parent.parentId;
 		}
 	}
 
-	await prisma.catalogPages.update({
-		where: { id: pageId },
-		data: { parentId: newParentId },
-	});
+	await db
+		.update(CatalogPages)
+		.set({ parentId: newParentId })
+		.where(eq(CatalogPages.id, pageId));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -211,10 +221,10 @@ export async function movePage(
 async function deleteCatalogItemsByPageIds(pageIds: number[]): Promise<void> {
 	if (pageIds.length === 0) return;
 	const idStrs = pageIds.map(String);
-	await prisma.$executeRaw`
+	await db.execute(sql`
 		DELETE FROM catalog_items
-		WHERE CAST(page_id AS CHAR) IN (${Prisma.join(idStrs)})
-	`;
+		WHERE CAST(page_id AS CHAR) IN (${sql.join(idStrs, sql`, `)})
+	`);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -224,22 +234,23 @@ export async function deletePage(
 	pageId: number,
 	mode: "cascade" | "reparent" = "reparent",
 ): Promise<{ deletedPages: number; movedChildren: number }> {
-	const page = await prisma.catalogPages.findUnique({
-		where: { id: pageId },
-		select: { parentId: true },
-	});
+	const [page] = await db
+		.select({ parentId: CatalogPages.parentId })
+		.from(CatalogPages)
+		.where(eq(CatalogPages.id, pageId))
+		.limit(1);
 	if (!page) return { deletedPages: 0, movedChildren: 0 };
 
 	if (mode === "reparent") {
-		const result = await prisma.catalogPages.updateMany({
-			where: { parentId: pageId },
-			data: { parentId: page.parentId },
-		});
+		const [result] = await db
+			.update(CatalogPages)
+			.set({ parentId: page.parentId })
+			.where(eq(CatalogPages.parentId, pageId));
 
 		await deleteCatalogItemsByPageIds([pageId]);
-		await prisma.catalogPages.delete({ where: { id: pageId } });
+		await db.delete(CatalogPages).where(eq(CatalogPages.id, pageId));
 
-		return { deletedPages: 1, movedChildren: result.count };
+		return { deletedPages: 1, movedChildren: result.affectedRows };
 	}
 
 	const deleted = await cascadeDelete(pageId);
@@ -251,10 +262,10 @@ async function cascadeDelete(pageId: number): Promise<number> {
 	const queue: number[] = [pageId];
 
 	while (queue.length > 0) {
-		const children = await prisma.catalogPages.findMany({
-			where: { parentId: { in: queue } },
-			select: { id: true },
-		});
+		const children = await db
+			.select({ id: CatalogPages.id })
+			.from(CatalogPages)
+			.where(inArray(CatalogPages.parentId, queue));
 		queue.length = 0;
 		for (const child of children) {
 			toDelete.push(child.id);
@@ -264,7 +275,7 @@ async function cascadeDelete(pageId: number): Promise<number> {
 
 	await deleteCatalogItemsByPageIds(toDelete);
 	for (let i = toDelete.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-		await prisma.catalogPages.delete({ where: { id: toDelete[i] } });
+		await db.delete(CatalogPages).where(eq(CatalogPages.id, toDelete[i]));
 	}
 
 	return toDelete.length;
@@ -279,10 +290,15 @@ export async function getAncestors(
 	const ancestors: Array<{ id: number; caption: string }> = [];
 	let currentId = pageId;
 	for (let i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
-		const page = await prisma.catalogPages.findUnique({
-			where: { id: currentId },
-			select: { id: true, caption: true, parentId: true },
-		});
+		const [page] = await db
+			.select({
+				id: CatalogPages.id,
+				caption: CatalogPages.caption,
+				parentId: CatalogPages.parentId,
+			})
+			.from(CatalogPages)
+			.where(eq(CatalogPages.id, currentId))
+			.limit(1);
 		if (!page) break;
 		ancestors.unshift({ id: page.id, caption: page.caption });
 		if (page.parentId <= 0) break;

src/lib/services/permission-ranks.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-import { Prisma } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
+import { type SQL, sql } from "drizzle-orm";
+import type { ResultSetHeader } from "mysql2";
+import type { Db } from "@/lib/db";
 
 const VALID_KEY = /^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{0,63}$/;
 
@@ -41,11 +43,18 @@ export interface EmulatorRankForEdit extends EmulatorRankSummary {
 	permissionMaxValues: Record<string, number>;
 }
 
-type RawDb = {
-	$queryRaw: <T = unknown>(query: Prisma.Sql) => Promise<T>;
-	$executeRaw: (query: Prisma.Sql) => Promise<number>;
-	$transaction: <T>(queries: Promise<T>[]) => Promise<T[]>;
-};
+/** Surface of `Db` used by these helpers (plain raw-SQL exec + transactions). */
+type RawDb = Pick<Db, "execute" | "transaction">;
+
+async function rawRows<T>(db: RawDb, query: SQL | string): Promise<T> {
+	const [rows] = await db.execute(query);
+	return rows as T;
+}
+
+async function rawExec(db: RawDb, query: SQL | string): Promise<number> {
+	const [result] = await db.execute(query);
+	return (result as ResultSetHeader).affectedRows;
+}
 
 export function getRankPermissionColumn(rankId: number) {
 	if (!Number.isInteger(rankId) || rankId <= 0 || rankId > 255) {
@@ -79,8 +88,9 @@ export function splitRankUpdateFields(fields: Record<string, string | number>) {
 export async function fetchEmulatorRankSummaries(
 	db: RawDb,
 ): Promise<EmulatorRankSummary[]> {
-	const rows = await db.$queryRaw<Record<string, unknown>[]>(
-		Prisma.sql`
+	const rows = await rawRows<Record<string, unknown>[]>(
+		db,
+		sql`
       SELECT id, rank_name, badge, level, prefix, prefix_color, hidden_rank
       FROM permission_ranks
       ORDER BY id ASC
@@ -102,8 +112,9 @@ export async function fetchEmulatorRankForEdit(
 	db: RawDb,
 	rankId: number,
 ): Promise<EmulatorRankForEdit | null> {
-	const rankRows = await db.$queryRaw<Record<string, unknown>[]>(
-		Prisma.sql`
+	const rankRows = await rawRows<Record<string, unknown>[]>(
+		db,
+		sql`
       SELECT id, rank_name, badge, level, prefix, prefix_color, hidden_rank,
              log_commands, room_effect, auto_credits_amount, auto_pixels_amount,
              auto_gotw_amount, auto_points_amount
@@ -114,15 +125,16 @@ export async function fetchEmulatorRankForEdit(
 	if (rankRows.length === 0) return null;
 
 	const rankColumn = getRankPermissionColumn(rankId);
-	const permissionRows = await db.$queryRaw<
+	const permissionRows = await rawRows<
 		{
 			permission_key: string;
 			max_value: number;
 			value: number | string | null;
 		}[]
 	>(
-		Prisma.sql`
-      SELECT permission_key, max_value, ${Prisma.raw(quoteIdentifier(rankColumn))} AS value
+		db,
+		sql`
+      SELECT permission_key, max_value, ${sql.raw(quoteIdentifier(rankColumn))} AS value
       FROM permission_definitions
       ORDER BY permission_key ASC
     `,
@@ -159,40 +171,41 @@ export async function createEmulatorRank(
 	db: RawDb,
 	data: { rank_name: string; level: number },
 ): Promise<number> {
-	const rows = await db.$queryRaw<{ next_id: number }[]>(
-		Prisma.sql`SELECT COALESCE(MAX(id), 0) + 1 AS next_id FROM permission_ranks`,
+	const rows = await rawRows<{ next_id: number }[]>(
+		db,
+		sql`SELECT COALESCE(MAX(id), 0) + 1 AS next_id FROM permission_ranks`,
 	);
 	const id = Number(rows[0]?.next_id ?? 1);
 	await ensurePermissionRankColumn(db, id);
 	await resetPermissionRankColumn(db, id);
 
-	await db.$transaction([
-		db.$executeRaw(
-			Prisma.sql`
+	await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
+		await rawExec(
+			tx,
+			sql`
         INSERT INTO permission_ranks (id, rank_name, level)
         VALUES (${id}, ${data.rank_name}, ${data.level})
       `,
-		),
-		db.$executeRaw(
-			Prisma.sql`
+		);
+		await rawExec(
+			tx,
+			sql`
         INSERT INTO permissions (id, rank_name, level)
         VALUES (${id}, ${data.rank_name}, ${data.level})
         ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE rank_name = VALUES(rank_name), level = VALUES(level)
       `,
-		),
-	]);
+		);
+	});
 
 	return id;
 }
 
 export async function deleteEmulatorRank(db: RawDb, rankId: number) {
 	await resetPermissionRankColumn(db, rankId);
-	await db.$transaction([
-		db.$executeRaw(
-			Prisma.sql`DELETE FROM permission_ranks WHERE id = ${rankId}`,
-		),
-		db.$executeRaw(Prisma.sql`DELETE FROM permissions WHERE id = ${rankId}`),
-	]);
+	await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
+		await rawExec(tx, sql`DELETE FROM permission_ranks WHERE id = ${rankId}`);
+		await rawExec(tx, sql`DELETE FROM permissions WHERE id = ${rankId}`);
+	});
 }
 
 export async function updateEmulatorRank(
@@ -220,13 +233,13 @@ async function updateTableFields(
 	fields: Record<string, string | number>,
 ) {
 	const assignments = Object.entries(fields).map(
-		([key, value]) =>
-			Prisma.sql`${Prisma.raw(quoteIdentifier(key))} = ${value}`,
+		([key, value]) => sql`${sql.raw(quoteIdentifier(key))} = ${value}`,
 	);
-	return db.$executeRaw(
-		Prisma.sql`
-      UPDATE ${Prisma.raw(quoteIdentifier(table))}
-      SET ${Prisma.join(assignments, ", ")}
+	return rawExec(
+		db,
+		sql`
+      UPDATE ${sql.raw(quoteIdentifier(table))}
+      SET ${sql.join(assignments, sql`, `)}
       WHERE id = ${rankId}
     `,
 	);
@@ -240,19 +253,20 @@ async function updatePermissionDefinitionValues(
 	const rankColumn = getRankPermissionColumn(rankId);
 	const entries = Object.entries(permissionFields);
 	const cases = entries.map(
-		([key, value]) => Prisma.sql`WHEN ${key} THEN LEAST(${value}, max_value)`,
+		([key, value]) => sql`WHEN ${key} THEN LEAST(${value}, max_value)`,
 	);
 	const keys = entries.map(([key]) => key);
 
-	return db.$executeRaw(
-		Prisma.sql`
+	return rawExec(
+		db,
+		sql`
       UPDATE permission_definitions
-      SET ${Prisma.raw(quoteIdentifier(rankColumn))} =
+      SET ${sql.raw(quoteIdentifier(rankColumn))} =
         CASE permission_key
-          ${Prisma.join(cases, " ")}
-          ELSE ${Prisma.raw(quoteIdentifier(rankColumn))}
+          ${sql.join(cases, sql` `)}
+          ELSE ${sql.raw(quoteIdentifier(rankColumn))}
         END
-      WHERE permission_key IN (${Prisma.join(keys)})
+      WHERE permission_key IN (${sql.join(keys, sql`, `)})
     `,
 	);
 }
@@ -272,8 +286,9 @@ async function updateLegacyPermissionFields(
 
 async function ensurePermissionRankColumn(db: RawDb, rankId: number) {
 	const rankColumn = getRankPermissionColumn(rankId);
-	const exists = await db.$queryRaw<{ c: bigint | number }[]>(
-		Prisma.sql`
+	const exists = await rawRows<{ c: number }[]>(
+		db,
+		sql`
       SELECT COUNT(*) AS c
       FROM information_schema.columns
       WHERE table_schema = DATABASE()
@@ -283,27 +298,30 @@ async function ensurePermissionRankColumn(db: RawDb, rankId: number) {
 	);
 	if (Number(exists[0]?.c ?? 0) > 0) return;
 
-	await db.$executeRaw(
-		Prisma.sql`
+	await rawExec(
+		db,
+		sql`
       ALTER TABLE permission_definitions
-      ADD COLUMN ${Prisma.raw(quoteIdentifier(rankColumn))} TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
+      ADD COLUMN ${sql.raw(quoteIdentifier(rankColumn))} TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
     `,
 	);
 }
 
 async function resetPermissionRankColumn(db: RawDb, rankId: number) {
 	const rankColumn = getRankPermissionColumn(rankId);
-	await db.$executeRaw(
-		Prisma.sql`
+	await rawExec(
+		db,
+		sql`
       UPDATE permission_definitions
-      SET ${Prisma.raw(quoteIdentifier(rankColumn))} = 0
+      SET ${sql.raw(quoteIdentifier(rankColumn))} = 0
     `,
 	);
 }
 
 async function getTableColumns(db: RawDb, table: string) {
-	const rows = await db.$queryRaw<{ column_name: string }[]>(
-		Prisma.sql`
+	const rows = await rawRows<{ column_name: string }[]>(
+		db,
+		sql`
       SELECT column_name
       FROM information_schema.columns
       WHERE table_schema = DATABASE()